高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Module6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world（2）課件 牛津譯林版（湖南專(zhuān)用）

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1、Module6Unit 4Helping people around the world（2）1、I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.我很高興入選成為聯(lián)合國(guó)的一名親善大使。我很高興入選成為聯(lián)合國(guó)的一名親善大使。to have been chosen為不定式的完成式的被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且不定式所表示的動(dòng)作又先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式就要用完成式的被動(dòng)式。The book is said to have been translated into many lan

2、guages. 據(jù)說(shuō)這本書(shū)被譯成很多種語(yǔ)言。He is very sad to have lost four bikes in less than one year. 他因不到一年就丟了4部自行車(chē)而感到很傷心。is said to have boughtLeonardo da Vinci birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.據(jù)說(shuō)列奧納多達(dá)芬奇將關(guān)在籠子里的鳥(niǎo)買(mǎi)下來(lái)，將鳥(niǎo) 釋放從而獲得樂(lè)趣。2、Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud

3、and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.并不是到處風(fēng)沙，而是到處有淤泥和水，使得從一個(gè)并不是到處風(fēng)沙，而是到處有淤泥和水，使得從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方很難。地方到另一個(gè)地方很難。句中making 表示結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, making up around 4 percent of national total.在2004年底，在中國(guó)大約有6000

4、家外國(guó)印刷企業(yè)，占了我國(guó)所有印刷企業(yè)的4%。makingThe wind has moderated, sailing safer.風(fēng)勢(shì)已減弱，做帆船運(yùn)動(dòng)較為安全了。3、It seems that many people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse. 看起來(lái)這些人好像只需要說(shuō)話，因此我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的工作看起來(lái)這些人好像只需要說(shuō)話，因此我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的工作不只局限為一名護(hù)士。不只局限為一名護(hù)士。seem的基本意思是“似乎；好像；仿佛；看來(lái)”等，可作不及物動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞。s

5、eem句型歸納如下：(1)seem可與形容詞、名詞、不定式(短語(yǔ))、分詞及介詞短語(yǔ)搭配。She seems quite happy today. 今天她似乎很高興。(形容詞)That seems a good idea.那似乎是個(gè)好主意。(名詞)He seems to be thinking about something.他似乎正在考慮某事。(不定式)He seemed pleased at what I said.聽(tīng)了我的話，他似乎很高興。(分詞)They seemed in high spirits. 他們似乎情緒高漲。(介詞短語(yǔ))(2)seem常用于it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，即It see

6、ms / seemed that 表示“看來(lái)，似乎”。It seems that nobody knew what had happened.似乎沒(méi)人知道發(fā)生了什么事。(3) seem常用于由as if / though引導(dǎo)的從句中。在as if / though引起的從句中，如果說(shuō)的是非真實(shí)的情況，從句謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；如果所述的情況實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，則從句的謂語(yǔ)常用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It seems as if somebody is calling you.好像有人在叫你。(陳述語(yǔ)氣)It seems as though he were very stupid.看來(lái)他似乎很笨。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(4)

7、用于There seems / seemed to be n(主語(yǔ))中。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，seem表示“似乎有；看來(lái)有”。There seems to be a lot of things to do.It seems as if there were a lot of things to do.似乎有很多事情要做。這一結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為“There seems / seemed to be no n”或“There doesnt / didnt seem to be n”。There doesnt seem to have been any difficulty on this question.

8、在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上似乎沒(méi)出現(xiàn)什么困難。There seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to be admitted into colleges or universities.在中國(guó)高中學(xué)生錄取上大學(xué)似乎有很大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。B考查動(dòng)詞的辨析。句意為“瑪麗，我已經(jīng)提醒約翰注意他幫助你的承諾了。”remindof 就提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起；warn含有“警告”的意思。 1. Mary, I _ John of his promise to help you.(2011大綱卷) A. told B. remi

9、nded C. warned D. advised2. Cremind和himself構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即remind sb. of sth.; 故用reminded。reminded作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：Michael把姚明的相片掛在床邊以提醒自己不要忘了自己的夢(mèng)想。2. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.(2011重慶) A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind3. C短語(yǔ)辨析。in search of

10、 尋找； in place of 代替； for lack of 因缺乏； for fear of 生怕，以免。句子的完整意思應(yīng)該是：大城市建起越來(lái)越多的高樓大廈，因?yàn)槿狈臻g。3. More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.(2010福建) A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在英文中，有兩種定語(yǔ)從句：限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用

11、，使該詞的含義更具體、更明確。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)其作一些附加說(shuō)明，不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語(yǔ)從句省去，主句的意義仍然完整。1限制性定語(yǔ)從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切，所以不可以用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，所以可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你還記得教我們英語(yǔ)的那個(gè)女孩嗎？We walked down the village street, where villagers were having mar

12、ket day.我們沿著村里的大街向前走去，村民們正在那里趕集。2大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，而特殊情況下非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由 which 引導(dǎo)。A middleaged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一個(gè)中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫，這令我十分恐懼。A fiveyearold boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.一個(gè)5歲男孩會(huì)

13、講兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)，這令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到非常驚訝。3使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果先行詞指人，則用who或whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞指物可用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用 when, where 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.他送給他母親一臺(tái)彩電作為生日禮物，這使她非常高興。Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to

14、be held.他們上周日到達(dá)南京，有個(gè)會(huì)議要在那里舉行。4關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用who代替whom，但whom在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用who來(lái)代替。在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞指人時(shí)可用that代替who/whom，但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞指人時(shí)，不可用that代替who/whom。This is the girl whom/who I met in the street.這是我在街上遇到的那個(gè)女孩。A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.一個(gè)年輕的小伙子新交了一個(gè)女朋友，

15、他想給她留下深刻的印象。He has a sister, who is a teacher.他有一個(gè)姐姐，是教師。5關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.這就是他昨天丟的那本書(shū)。The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.他昨天丟了這本書(shū)，但現(xiàn)在已找到了。6在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞表示事物意義時(shí)， 只能用which。The sun heats the earth, which makes it

16、possible for plants to grow.太陽(yáng)給予大地?zé)崃?，這就使植物的生長(zhǎng)成為可能。The most important form of energy is electrical energy, which is widely used in our daily life.最重要的能源形式是電能，它廣泛地運(yùn)用于我們的日常生活之中。7as與which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別。(1)as在從句中通常作主語(yǔ)代指整個(gè)主句，表示的意思是“正如、正像”，其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。 The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we

17、all know. 太平洋是最大的洋，這一點(diǎn)我們都知道。 As we expect, we won the game.我們贏了，這一點(diǎn)在我們預(yù)料之中。 As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. 眾所周知，他是我們班上最好的學(xué)生。(2)which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代指人或物。當(dāng)代指整個(gè)主句時(shí)表示的意思是主句和從句之間是因果關(guān)系，即“因?yàn)?、所以”。其引?dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路太

18、滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。 He was angry, which made him cry. 他太生氣了以至于他哭了起來(lái)。 1關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)。2注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。(1)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)it無(wú)意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。(3)去掉it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語(yǔ)從句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句

19、)3定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。(1)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可省略。(2)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語(yǔ))We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語(yǔ))4關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。(1)關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)，前無(wú)介詞時(shí)。(2)關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。5關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。6幾個(gè)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句型：(1)He is the only one

20、of the students who has got verygood marks in the match.(句中one為先行詞)He is one of the students who have got good marksin the match.(句中students為先行詞)(2)Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday? (3)He stood at the window, from where he could se

21、e what was happening.(4)It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. 1. Mr. Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _ some green trees. A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are C此題容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)。其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案為C，around which are some green trees 是一個(gè)由“介

22、詞which”引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 some green trees，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用are，而不是 is。2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _， of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what B許多學(xué)生認(rèn)為此題句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較混亂，逗號(hào)太多，難于理清頭緒。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們先看下面一句：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her

23、role in the play, _ made the others unhappy. 一般同學(xué)都知道此題應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞 which，用以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句。事實(shí)上，上面一題就是根據(jù)此題演變出來(lái)，只不過(guò)在 which 與 made 之間插入了一個(gè) of course。所以上面一題應(yīng)選B。3. He wrote a lot of novels, most of _ were popular. A. them B. whom D. that D. whichD此題最佳答案為D，但很容易誤選A。假若單獨(dú)看 He wrote a lot of novels 和 Most of them were popular.這兩句話，它們并不錯(cuò)，但將它們放在一起用逗號(hào)連接就不甚妥當(dāng)了。因?yàn)?，英語(yǔ)句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)劃分，可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句4種，也就是說(shuō)，一個(gè)規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子，從結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō)，它必須隸屬以上4類(lèi)句型之一。但上面一題若選A，則它既不是簡(jiǎn)單句(因?yàn)樗袃蓚€(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))，也不是并列句(因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有并列連詞)，也不是復(fù)合句(因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有主從句之分)，當(dāng)然它更不是并列復(fù)合句，所以選A是錯(cuò)誤的?？梢赃xD，是因?yàn)榭瞻滋幪盍?which 之后，后一句即成了一個(gè)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句，前一句即為主句，整個(gè)句子即為一個(gè)復(fù)合句。