非謂語動(dòng)詞 (2)

《非謂語動(dòng)詞 (2)》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《非謂語動(dòng)詞 (2)（9頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、一、概念： “獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構(gòu)成。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有關(guān)系，通常稱為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。 二、功能： “獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”實(shí)質(zhì)就是帶有自己主語的非限定狀語從句。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語，從而依附于主句。而有些非限定性從句和無動(dòng)詞從句帶有自己的主語，在結(jié)構(gòu)上與主句不發(fā)生關(guān)系，因此成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí)，雖然叫做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，并不是真正的獨(dú)立，它還是一種從屬分句，在句中有多種作用。如：表原因、表?xiàng)l件、表方式、表伴隨、表時(shí)間等，在句中通常起狀語作用。 三、形式： 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)

2、構(gòu)在形式上有兩部分組成：第一部分有名詞或代詞擔(dān)任，第二部分由分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語擔(dān)任。按其結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為：—ing 分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；—ed分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；無動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。 四、舉例： 1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away. 由于無事可做，他們離開了。（代詞＋－ing; 表原因） 2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand. 王老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著書。（無動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)；表伴隨） 3、The old man sat in his cha

3、ir, his eyes closed. 老人坐在椅子上，閉著眼睛。（名詞＋－ed; 表狀態(tài)） 4、Class over, we began to play basketball. 放學(xué)了，我們開始玩籃球。（名詞＋副詞；表時(shí)間） 5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper. 沒再多說一個(gè)字，他拾起那張紙。（借此結(jié)構(gòu)；表伴隨） 6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了，我們的晚會(huì)開始了。（名詞＋不定式；表時(shí)間） 五、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語作狀

4、語的異同： 1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語從句。但是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句后，有自己的邏輯主語，與主句的主語不一致；而分詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化為狀語從句后，從句的主語與主句的主語相同。例： ⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend. －→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend. 如果時(shí)間允許，本周末我們最好休息一下。 ⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden

5、more beautiful. －→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. 從頂樓上看，花園更漂亮。 2、 還應(yīng)該注意，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語不是總和主句的主語一致，而是主句的其他成分。語法上稱作“依著原則”；有些分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句子上找不到它的邏輯主語，語法上稱作“懸垂分詞”。例： ⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time. 在屋里找表，用了我很長時(shí)間。(依著原則) ⑵ When planting these flowe

6、rs, care must be taken not to damage the root. (我們)種花時(shí)必須小心，不能碰壞花根。（懸垂分詞） 六、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立成分的異同： 1、有的分詞短語可以獨(dú)立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣短語。這些短語有：generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from; supposing等等。 例： ⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.總的來說，這個(gè)規(guī)則很容易懂。 ⑵ Judging from

7、 what he said, she must be an honest girl. 根據(jù)他所說的，她一定很誠實(shí)。 2、有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場和態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。這些短語有：to be honest; to be sure; to tell you the truth; to cut a long story short; to be frank; to make the matter worse等等。例： ⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion. 說實(shí)話，我

8、在會(huì)上說的并不是我的意見。 ⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car. 更糟糕的是，他把鑰匙鎖在車?yán)锪? 七、非謂語動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語動(dòng)詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有這么能干的人來幫你, 你遲早一定會(huì)成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之間存在著主謂關(guān)系） = Since such a

9、n able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在書桌旁坐好后，他母親開始給他講故事。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語he，注意是“主格”） = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to th

10、e bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丟了自行車鑰匙，他只好步行去學(xué)校。（lost 的邏輯主語是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost） = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A．不定式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” 在“邏輯主語+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用一個(gè)從句或并列分句來表達(dá)。 1．動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)的形式 在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或

11、代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母親今晚要來,他正在忙著準(zhǔn)備飯菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.） ——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去聽音樂會(huì)嗎？ ——sorry. So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time. 對(duì)不起，有這多

12、的作業(yè)要批，我真的抽不出時(shí)間。 （＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.） The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book. 我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。 （＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quar

13、ter of the book.） Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 種上許多的樹，花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)校將看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B．-ing形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。 Be

14、ing ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.） Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 在課桌旁坐好后，他開始看雜志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.） 1． 表示時(shí)間的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. 每個(gè)

15、人都準(zhǔn)備好后，老師開始上課。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句When everyone was ready) The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated. 每個(gè)人坐好后，主席開始開會(huì)。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句after everyone was seated） 2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們沒有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句Becaus

16、e the boy led the way） Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 許多眼睛看著他，他感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句As many eyes were watching him） 必背： 含有being的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是國慶節(jié),街上很擁擠。 = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded. There bein

17、g no further business to discuss, we all went home. 沒有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。 = As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home. 3． 表示條件的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. 時(shí)間允許的話，我們下星期將進(jìn)行一次野炊。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句If time permits) My health allowing, I will work far in

18、to the night. 我的健康許可的話，我愿工作到深夜。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句If my health allows） 4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 學(xué)生們快樂地在學(xué)校里走著，每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest） The boy lay on the grass, his eyes l

19、ooking at the sky. 男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky） C．-ed形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” 與邏輯主語+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. 該書是用簡單英語寫的，英語初學(xué)者也能看懂。 = As the book was written in simple En

20、glish，English beginners were able to read it. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。 = As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the bla

21、ckboard. 他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。 = He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. The task completed, he had two months' leave. 任務(wù)完成以后，他休了兩個(gè)月的假。（=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.） 比較： 動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，動(dòng)詞-ing形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

22、 The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 經(jīng)理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來處理，用不定式to settle） The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了， 經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。（事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動(dòng)詞-ed形式settled表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束） The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行） The food cooke

23、d, the boy went to bed. 飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的 八、 with、without 引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 介詞with/without +賓語+賓語的補(bǔ)足語可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。 A． with+名詞代詞+形容詞 He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。 = He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in

24、the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。 = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. 注意： 在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。 With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy. 由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。 With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study. 父親如此出名，兒

25、子不想讀書。 B． with+名詞代詞+副詞 Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的燈都打開時(shí)，我們的學(xué)?？瓷先ジ?。 = Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父親在前，小孩在后走著。 = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C． with+名詞代詞

26、+介詞短語 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。 = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth. 文森特坐在課桌前，嘴里銜著一支筆。 = Vincent sa

27、t at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth. D． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作業(yè)做好了，彼得出去玩了。 = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started. 信號(hào)發(fā)出了，火車開始起動(dòng)了。 = After the signal was given, the train started. I

28、wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished. 工作還沒完成，我不敢回家。 = I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished. E． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式 The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him. 有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍，那男子感到很高興。 = The man felt very happy when he found so many children sit

29、ting around him. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。 = The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was. Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁沒人注意的時(shí)候，從窗口溜走了。 = When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window. F． with+名詞代

30、詞+動(dòng)詞不定式 The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do. 有這么多的家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩看上去很不開心。 = The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do. The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動(dòng)。 The kid feels excited as there are so many places of intere

31、st to visit. 提示： 在with/without 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。 Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她沒再說什么話就離開了會(huì)議室。（without不能省略） 九、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語、時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。在形式上，“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。 A．作狀語 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句或并列分句。 1．表示時(shí)間 Nigh

32、t coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降臨，我們?cè)谝患倚÷灭^住了下來。 （= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.） All the guests seated, they began their dinner. 所有的客人就坐后，他們才開始吃飯。 （= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.） With everything she needed bought,

33、Grace took a taxi home. 所需要的都買好后，格雷斯打的回家了。 （After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.） 2．表示原因 With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 有許多難題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。 （= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly

34、-elected president is having a hard time.） There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight. 由于在半夜沒有交通工具了， 他只好步行回家。 (= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.) 3．表示條件 Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.

35、如果天氣允許的話，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。 （= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.） All the work done, you can have a rest. 所有工作做好后，你可以休息。 （=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.） Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. 如果從各方面考慮，

36、你的計(jì)劃似乎更實(shí)際些。 （= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.） 提示： 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句首，并且不能保留連詞。 【誤】When class being over, the students left their classroom. 【正】Class (being) over, the students left their classroom. 下課了，學(xué)生都離開了教室。 【誤】The moon appearing and t

37、hey continued their way. 【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出來了，他們繼續(xù)趕路。 4．表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明 The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand. 那個(gè)奇怪的男人在街上走著,手里拿著根手杖。 （= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.） The murderer w

38、as brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 殺人犯被帶了進(jìn)來，手被捆在背后。 （=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.） Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 有兩百人在事故中喪生，其中許多是兒童。 （Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were childr

39、en.） B．作定語 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。 He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. (with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾the student) 他就是有許多問題要解決的那個(gè)人。 = He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled. You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off. (with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾bottle) 你可以使用一個(gè)頸被砍掉的

40、大塑料瓶。 = You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off. He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides. 他走在一條兩邊沒有路燈的馬路上。 (without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾the road ) = He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides. 提示： 在這里我們討論了很多用連詞連接的

41、兩個(gè)句子改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的情況。需要提示的是，不是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful. 如果你站在山頂上, 公園看上去更美。（不要改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)） If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided. 如果你仔細(xì)檢查試卷的話，有些錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的。（不要改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)） 【典例精析】 1. （08北京）____ that she was go

42、ing off to sleep, I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 【解題】A非謂語動(dòng)詞see構(gòu)成的短語與句子的主語I即其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用在句首,中間與句子用逗號(hào)分開,表示伴隨情況,用作伴隨狀語,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。 2.(08全國卷I)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____.

43、 A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 【解題】B在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)表語形容詞為good, light, heavy, difficult等時(shí),其后常用不定式作狀語,表示時(shí)間,原因,結(jié)果等,且常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,因此選B。此處為特殊情況。 3.(08北京)----Did the book give the information you needed? ----Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book.

44、 A. to find B. find C.to be finding D. finding 【解題】 A 非謂語動(dòng)詞短語與主句之間用逗號(hào)隔開,作狀語。根據(jù)句意:為了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本書的內(nèi)容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的狀語,且此處不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,因此用一般式,選A。 4.（09湖南）Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it . A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be

45、reused 【解析】D 考查動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在人們有時(shí)把他們的廢物分開，以便很容易被重復(fù)利用。重新再利用是指將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而且是被動(dòng)的。故選D。 5.（09江西）_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 【解析】D 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。如果把句子補(bǔ)充完整就不難看

46、出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主語they 即these teenager soccer players與give 之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。根據(jù)主、從句主語一致可省略從句主語的原則，連詞if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players…… 6.（09江西）The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibi

47、lity for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 【解析】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾new laws ,相當(dāng)于which forces ……... 7.（09海南）The children all turned_____the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at B. to loo

48、k at C. to looking at D. look at 【解析】B。 句意為：當(dāng)那位著名的女演員走進(jìn)了教室，所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)過頭去看她。 turn to 表示“轉(zhuǎn)向，求助”的意思。 8.(09海南) Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 【解析】C。 考查with +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)討論了問題,是人們最滿意的決定？ take 與th

49、e decisions之間存在的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng) 9.（09山東）We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 【解析】A 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法，由next month可知時(shí)間是在將來，party是被舉行，故選A。 10（09陜西）I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I

50、saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 【解析】D 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處非謂語動(dòng)詞做remember的賓語，而remember后用非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語時(shí)，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，也可用動(dòng)詞不定式，表示的動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，根據(jù)后文的saw可知此處非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，且與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用v-ing的被動(dòng)式，選D。 11.（09福建） not to miss the flight at 15:20, the ma

51、nager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 【解析】B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語the manager，非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且其表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，非謂語動(dòng)詞用過去分詞，選B。 12.（09福建）In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the

52、60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked 【解析】A 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語，其后有賓語，故與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，用現(xiàn)在分詞，選A。 13.（09湖南）When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. A. would open B. opened C.

53、 had opened D. was to open 【解析】D 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的用法。句意為：當(dāng)他要打開門的時(shí)候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的鑰匙不見了。動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 14.（09湖南）9．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered 【解析】A 考查分詞的用法。句意為：29歲的大衛(wèi),是一個(gè)工人,住在一間小公寓在波士頓附近,不知怎么辦關(guān)于他的未來?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾a worker，and 為并列連詞，連接相同的成份。