高考英語二輪 專題輔導(dǎo)與測試之題型專題 第二部分 專題三 閱讀理解課件
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1、專專題題復(fù)復(fù)習(xí)習(xí)必必備備課課時(shí)時(shí)跟跟蹤蹤檢檢測測經(jīng)經(jīng)典典考考題題悟悟法法隨隨堂堂針針對(duì)對(duì)訓(xùn)訓(xùn)練練 閱讀理解題是考查考生語言能力的重點(diǎn),考生應(yīng)能:理閱讀理解題是考查考生語言能力的重點(diǎn),考生應(yīng)能:理解主旨要義;理解文中的具體信息;做出簡單的判斷和推理;解主旨要義;理解文中的具體信息;做出簡單的判斷和推理;理解文章的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu);理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。題型分理解文章的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu);理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。題型分為:主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、為:主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。一、閱讀理解所考查的五種題目類型一、閱讀理解所考查的五種題目類型(
2、一一)主旨大意題主旨大意題1常見的命題方式:常見的命題方式:What is the passage mainly about?What is the main idea of the text?What can be the best title for the text/passage?Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?2主旨大意題選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn):主旨大意題選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn):正確選項(xiàng)通常不含細(xì)節(jié)信息和絕對(duì)意義的詞,能概括文正確選項(xiàng)通常不含細(xì)節(jié)信息和絕對(duì)意義的詞,能概括文章全部內(nèi)容;干擾項(xiàng)往往信息片面,細(xì)節(jié)信息明
3、顯,常章全部內(nèi)容;干擾項(xiàng)往往信息片面,細(xì)節(jié)信息明顯,常含有絕對(duì)意義的詞,或者是命題者杜撰;在文中找不到含有絕對(duì)意義的詞,或者是命題者杜撰;在文中找不到依據(jù)。依據(jù)。3常用的掌握大意的方法:常用的掌握大意的方法:(1) 抓主題句歸納大意。說明文、議論文、新聞報(bào)道、科技抓主題句歸納大意。說明文、議論文、新聞報(bào)道、科技文獻(xiàn)等文章的主題大意通常出現(xiàn)在文章第一段,抓住了文獻(xiàn)等文章的主題大意通常出現(xiàn)在文章第一段,抓住了主題句也就抓住了文章的中心。有時(shí)主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在主題句也就抓住了文章的中心。有時(shí)主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)尾。因此仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章的首尾句是文章的中間或結(jié)尾。因此仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章的首尾句是
4、關(guān)鍵。關(guān)鍵。(2) 歸納分析抓大意。有些文章如記敘文、夾敘夾議文通歸納分析抓大意。有些文章如記敘文、夾敘夾議文通常是先擺出事實(shí),然后或記敘或論證,最后得出結(jié)論,常是先擺出事實(shí),然后或記敘或論證,最后得出結(jié)論,即文章的主題。即文章的主題。(3) 抓住高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞一個(gè)主題展開的,抓住高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞一個(gè)主題展開的,因此文章中會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)中心詞,即高頻詞,抓住了因此文章中會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)中心詞,即高頻詞,抓住了它,也就抓住了文章的中心。它,也就抓住了文章的中心。(二二)細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題1常見的命題方式:常見的命題方式:Which of the following is
5、 true/false/mentioned?Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.All of the following statements may be true/false except _.Which of the following is not the result of .?According to the author,. was caused by.2事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題可分為兩種類型:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題可分為兩種類型:(1) 基本信息題。答案幾乎可以直接從原文中獲得,答案基本信息題。答案幾乎可以直接從原文中獲得,
6、答案和原文中含相關(guān)信息的句子在用詞上也幾乎相同;和原文中含相關(guān)信息的句子在用詞上也幾乎相同;(2)是非判斷題。相對(duì)于前者,這類題有較大難度,題目雖是非判斷題。相對(duì)于前者,這類題有較大難度,題目雖來源于文章的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié),但往往涉及的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容較多,來源于文章的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié),但往往涉及的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容較多,而且可能是在文章的不同段落。而且可能是在文章的不同段落。3解答事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題需注意的問題:解答事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題需注意的問題:(1) 忠于原文,選擇的依據(jù)必須是短文本身提供的信息,忠于原文,選擇的依據(jù)必須是短文本身提供的信息,不可根據(jù)自己的主觀假設(shè)或推測來取舍。不可根據(jù)自己的主觀假設(shè)或推測來取舍。(2)要重視人名、日期、
7、事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)和地點(diǎn)等,這是細(xì)節(jié)題要重視人名、日期、事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)和地點(diǎn)等,這是細(xì)節(jié)題考查的內(nèi)容??疾榈膬?nèi)容。(3)應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)快速辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié),可用應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)快速辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié),可用“查讀法查讀法”,即,即帶著問題尋找答案。在閱讀過程中對(duì)一些涉及帶著問題尋找答案。在閱讀過程中對(duì)一些涉及who(何人何人),what(何事何事),when(何時(shí)何時(shí)),where(何地何地),how(怎樣怎樣),why(為何為何)等常考的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容做適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)記,以便解題等??嫉募?xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容做適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)記,以便解題時(shí)迅速、準(zhǔn)確地查找。時(shí)迅速、準(zhǔn)確地查找。(三三)推理判斷題推理判斷題1常見的命題方式:常見的命題方式: This
8、passage would most likely be found in.We can infer from the text that.What can we learn from.?Which of the following statements does the passage support?It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that.2推理判斷題解題技巧:推理判斷題解題技巧:(1) 推理判斷題是閱讀理解題中難度較大的一類。在提問整篇文推理判斷題是閱讀理解題中難度較大的一類。在提問整篇文章、某句或某段的深層含義時(shí),
9、問句中常含有章、某句或某段的深層含義時(shí),問句中常含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest等詞。等詞。(2)解決這類題時(shí)不僅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更要知道其潛在解決這類題時(shí)不僅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更要知道其潛在的含義,通過作者所給的提示,進(jìn)行合理的推理和判斷,此的含義,通過作者所給的提示,進(jìn)行合理的推理和判斷,此外,要忠于原文,切勿用自己的主觀判斷來理解文章的內(nèi)容。外,要忠于原文,切勿用自己的主觀判斷來理解文章的內(nèi)容。(四四)詞義猜測題詞義猜測題1常見的命題方式:常見的命題方式: The phrase “.” could be replaced by _.The wo
10、rd “.” in the paragraph refers to _.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph?/What does the underlined word mean?Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “.”?Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”?2詞義猜測題的常用方法:詞義猜測題的常用方法:(1)利用上下文語境。猜測任
11、何詞義都離不開上下文,所以要借助上利用上下文語境。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文,所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測的詞或短語進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測。下文對(duì)需要猜測的詞或短語進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測。(2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會(huì)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會(huì)有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說明的短語或句子,利用它們猜詞義較容易。有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說明的短語或句子,利用它們猜詞義較容易。(3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語表達(dá)出來,如這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過一些
12、相應(yīng)的詞或短語表達(dá)出來,如but, or, however, so, because等。等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的意思,不僅利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的意思,不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量,而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y詞義??梢詳U(kuò)大詞匯量,而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y詞義。(五五)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題1常見的命題方式:常見的命題方式: The authors attitude towards. is _. The author gives the impression that _.What do you think the authors attitude to. is?The
13、author tried to tell us that _.The writer believes/implies/suggests that _.2觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的解題技巧:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的解題技巧:(1)找出文章中的形容詞、副詞,分清它們是褒義還是貶義。找出文章中的形容詞、副詞,分清它們是褒義還是貶義。(2) 通過作者引用某人話語的態(tài)度語氣以及情感詞等來判斷。通過作者引用某人話語的態(tài)度語氣以及情感詞等來判斷。(3)結(jié)合自己對(duì)說英語的國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、文化傳統(tǒng)等背景知識(shí)結(jié)合自己對(duì)說英語的國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、文化傳統(tǒng)等背景知識(shí) 的了解來判斷。的了解來判斷。 注意注意不要將文章中的論述或敘述的個(gè)別內(nèi)容與作者
14、的不要將文章中的論述或敘述的個(gè)別內(nèi)容與作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度相混淆。觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度相混淆。切記是作者的態(tài)度,而不是讀者自己的切記是作者的態(tài)度,而不是讀者自己的態(tài)度。態(tài)度。二、閱讀理解八大解題要訣二、閱讀理解八大解題要訣要訣要訣1首尾定位法首尾定位法 這種題的考查形式一般是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí),然這種題的考查形式一般是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí),然后對(duì)這些事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序,要求考生根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序以及后對(duì)這些事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序,要求考生根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,找出事件發(fā)生和發(fā)展的正確順序。這種定句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,找出事件發(fā)生和發(fā)展的正確順序。這種定位法一般適用于主題句鮮明的文章,
15、因?yàn)檫@類文章各段的中心句位法一般適用于主題句鮮明的文章,因?yàn)檫@類文章各段的中心句一般都會(huì)在首句或尾句。找到了中心句,就能很快鎖定相應(yīng)的模一般都會(huì)在首句或尾句。找到了中心句,就能很快鎖定相應(yīng)的模塊,再逐步縮小搜索范圍,從而很快地選擇正確答案。塊,再逐步縮小搜索范圍,從而很快地選擇正確答案。要訣要訣2題干定位法題干定位法 這種方法適用于細(xì)節(jié)題,主要材料內(nèi)容有廣告、公告、演出信息、這種方法適用于細(xì)節(jié)題,主要材料內(nèi)容有廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時(shí)間表等。做這類題時(shí)考生沒有必要閱讀全文,宜采用航班時(shí)間表等。做這類題時(shí)考生沒有必要閱讀全文,宜采用“題干定題干定位法位法”,根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子
16、,然后進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子,然后進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,最終確定最佳答案。最終確定最佳答案。要訣要訣3跳讀查找法跳讀查找法 運(yùn)用跳讀查找法做題時(shí),考生要特別注意題干運(yùn)用跳讀查找法做題時(shí),考生要特別注意題干(包括選項(xiàng)包括選項(xiàng))與原文與原文之間的適當(dāng)變換。由近幾年的高考試題來看直接用原文中的句子來考之間的適當(dāng)變換。由近幾年的高考試題來看直接用原文中的句子來考查的題目很少,一般要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚?,這種查的題目很少,一般要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚?,這種“處理處理”主要指的是進(jìn)行主要指的是進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,其中包括同義變換、概念分析和事實(shí)歸納等。同義轉(zhuǎn)換,其中包括同義變換、概念分析和事實(shí)歸納等。要訣要
17、訣4背景常識(shí)法背景常識(shí)法 有的題目可能在看了文章之后答案還不明顯,這就需要有的題目可能在看了文章之后答案還不明顯,這就需要運(yùn)用一些基本常識(shí)甚至借助文化背景來得出正確答案。所以,運(yùn)用一些基本常識(shí)甚至借助文化背景來得出正確答案。所以,考生要勤于積累英美等說英語國家的地理環(huán)境、歷史、風(fēng)土考生要勤于積累英美等說英語國家的地理環(huán)境、歷史、風(fēng)土人情、民俗習(xí)慣等方面的知識(shí)。人情、民俗習(xí)慣等方面的知識(shí)。要訣要訣5正選法與排除法正選法與排除法 正選法是根據(jù)所讀材料內(nèi)容或文中某個(gè)句子來比較各個(gè)正選法是根據(jù)所讀材料內(nèi)容或文中某個(gè)句子來比較各個(gè)選項(xiàng),從中選出最符合題意的答案。這是做閱讀理解題最常選項(xiàng),從中選出最符合題
18、意的答案。這是做閱讀理解題最常用的一種方法,尤其適用于做難度不大的閱讀理解題。用的一種方法,尤其適用于做難度不大的閱讀理解題。 要訣要訣6演繹推理法和歸納推理法演繹推理法和歸納推理法 演繹推理就是從一般性的前提推到特殊性的結(jié)論的推理;歸納演繹推理就是從一般性的前提推到特殊性的結(jié)論的推理;歸納推理是指從特殊性的前提概括出一般性的結(jié)論的推理??忌谶\(yùn)用推理是指從特殊性的前提概括出一般性的結(jié)論的推理??忌谶\(yùn)用推理法時(shí)要吃透文章的字面意思,從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線推理法時(shí)要吃透文章的字面意思,從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索;然后再對(duì)文字的表層信息進(jìn)行挖掘和加工,由表及里、由淺入索;然后再對(duì)文字的
19、表層信息進(jìn)行挖掘和加工,由表及里、由淺入深、從具體到抽象、從特殊到一般,通過分析、綜合和判斷等思維深、從具體到抽象、從特殊到一般,通過分析、綜合和判斷等思維活動(dòng)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深層處理以及合乎邏輯的推理。此時(shí)切忌就事論事、活動(dòng)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深層處理以及合乎邏輯的推理。此時(shí)切忌就事論事、以偏賅全,也不能主觀臆想、隨意揣測,更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替以偏賅全,也不能主觀臆想、隨意揣測,更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。作者的觀點(diǎn)。要訣要訣7情感詞匯推斷法情感詞匯推斷法 每一篇文章都包含作者的某種觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,只不過有的直每一篇文章都包含作者的某種觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,只不過有的直截了當(dāng),有的含而不露截了當(dāng),有的含而不露(是
20、通過所用詞語的褒貶來體現(xiàn)的是通過所用詞語的褒貶來體現(xiàn)的)。此。此類題可細(xì)分為作者態(tài)度題類題可細(xì)分為作者態(tài)度題(表明作者的好惡表明作者的好惡)和作者觀點(diǎn)題和作者觀點(diǎn)題(表明表明作者對(duì)某事物的觀點(diǎn)作者對(duì)某事物的觀點(diǎn))。準(zhǔn)確把握作者的情感和態(tài)度,需要注意。準(zhǔn)確把握作者的情感和態(tài)度,需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):以下幾點(diǎn):(1)作者對(duì)某一事物要么支持,要么反對(duì),帶中立色彩的詞最不作者對(duì)某一事物要么支持,要么反對(duì),帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案;可能是正確答案;(2)“漠不關(guān)心漠不關(guān)心”類詞語一定不對(duì),既然寫文章就不會(huì)類詞語一定不對(duì),既然寫文章就不會(huì)“不關(guān)心不關(guān)心”;(3)要區(qū)分開作者的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的態(tài)度
21、;要區(qū)分開作者的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的態(tài)度;(4)當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒有明確表明時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語的當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒有明確表明時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語的褒貶性進(jìn)行判斷;褒貶性進(jìn)行判斷;(5)作者觀點(diǎn)一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián);作者觀點(diǎn)一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián);(6)一般情況下,帶有表示絕對(duì)化或過于強(qiáng)烈的選項(xiàng)必錯(cuò);一般情況下,帶有表示絕對(duì)化或過于強(qiáng)烈的選項(xiàng)必錯(cuò);(7)持有保留態(tài)度的選項(xiàng)比較客觀,常常是正確選項(xiàng)。持有保留態(tài)度的選項(xiàng)比較客觀,常常是正確選項(xiàng)。要訣要訣8詞義猜測五法詞義猜測五法 猜詞悟義是考生在英語閱讀中必備的能力,同時(shí),詞義猜測猜詞悟義是考生在英語閱讀中必備的能力,同時(shí),詞義猜測也是高考閱讀
22、理解中必考的題型。詞義猜測題不僅要求考生要準(zhǔn)也是高考閱讀理解中必考的題型。詞義猜測題不僅要求考生要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。另外,考生還應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)通過構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對(duì)比、的課外詞匯。另外,考生還應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)通過構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對(duì)比、因果、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。因果、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。(1) 同義解釋法同義解釋法同義詞解釋多種多樣,同義詞解釋多種多樣,or, that is to say, in other words, namely,破折號(hào)等都可以引出解釋,同位語破折號(hào)等
23、都可以引出解釋,同位語(從句從句)、定語從句或同義詞、定語從句或同義詞、近義詞等也可以進(jìn)一步對(duì)生詞解釋??忌鷳?yīng)該利用這些關(guān)鍵近義詞等也可以進(jìn)一步對(duì)生詞解釋??忌鷳?yīng)該利用這些關(guān)鍵詞詞(句句)去猜測詞義。去猜測詞義。(2) 前后對(duì)比法前后對(duì)比法一個(gè)生詞的前面或后面有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)它的反義詞或?qū)Ρ仍~一個(gè)生詞的前面或后面有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)它的反義詞或?qū)Ρ仍~語,考生由此可推知生詞的意思。能體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語,考生由此可推知生詞的意思。能體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語很多,主要有語很多,主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike。(3) 舉例說明法舉例說明法根據(jù)生詞后舉出的有關(guān)例子進(jìn)行適當(dāng)歸納,即使不能
24、猜根據(jù)生詞后舉出的有關(guān)例子進(jìn)行適當(dāng)歸納,即使不能猜測出生詞的確切詞義,也能猜出其大致意義。測出生詞的確切詞義,也能猜出其大致意義。(4) 上下文暗示法上下文暗示法任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的,都任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的,都與句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。因此,我們可以利與句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。因此,我們可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索,進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析用上下文提供的情景和線索,進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而猜測詞義。這是近年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。進(jìn)而猜測詞義。這是近年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。(5) 經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)法經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)法利用考生自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及科學(xué)常識(shí)對(duì)生詞進(jìn)行
25、分析和利用考生自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及科學(xué)常識(shí)對(duì)生詞進(jìn)行分析和推斷推斷A (2011江西高考,江西高考,B篇篇) Winners Club You choose to be a winner! The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account(交易交易賬戶賬戶)where you receive a keycard so y
26、ou can get to your money 24/7thats 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!Its a club with impressive features for teenagers:No account keeping fees! Youre no millionaire so we dont expect you to pay large fees.In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees!Excellent interest rates! You want your m
27、oney to grow.The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits(儲(chǔ)蓄儲(chǔ)蓄) without taking them out in a month.Convenient Teenagers are busywe get that.You may never need to come to a bank at all.With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers a
28、nd to bank from home using the phone and the Internet.You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account.This could be your pocket money or your pay from your parttime job!Mega magazine included Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to
29、make even more of your money.There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members. The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers.And it is so easy to join.Simply fill in an application form.You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian(so we can organize t
30、hat cool keycard)but it is easy.We cant wait to hear from you. Its the best way to choose to be a winner!題型與方法題型與方法語篇解讀:語篇解讀:本文是一則廣告,本文是一則廣告, 介紹了專門為青少年設(shè)計(jì)的一項(xiàng)賬介紹了專門為青少年設(shè)計(jì)的一項(xiàng)賬戶服務(wù)戶服務(wù) Winners Club, 并從多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行了全面介紹。并從多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行了全面介紹。 ) 61The Winners Club is a bank account intended for _. AparentsBteenagers Cwin
31、ners Dadults 提示:提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣3跳讀查找法。跳讀查找法。 提示:提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣3跳讀查找法。跳讀查找法。解析:解析:題干與原文中的第一句是進(jìn)行的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。題干與原文中的第一句是進(jìn)行的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。be designed for beintended for 專為專為設(shè)計(jì)的。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句設(shè)計(jì)的。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.”可知,可知,“the Winners Club” 是專門為
32、青少年而開設(shè)的,所以答案為是專門為青少年而開設(shè)的,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。答案:答案:B62Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club? ASpecial gifts are ready for parents. BThe bank opens only on workdays. CServices are convenient for its members.DFees are necessary for the account keeping. 提示:提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣5中的排除法。中的排除法。 解析:
33、解析:第三部分主要介紹這項(xiàng)服務(wù)的方便之處,所以對(duì)于第三部分主要介紹這項(xiàng)服務(wù)的方便之處,所以對(duì)于辦理該業(yè)務(wù)的青少年來說是非常便利和快捷的,答案為辦理該業(yè)務(wù)的青少年來說是非常便利和快捷的,答案為C項(xiàng);項(xiàng);A項(xiàng)未提到;根據(jù)文章前面的介紹可知,銀行應(yīng)該是全天項(xiàng)未提到;根據(jù)文章前面的介紹可知,銀行應(yīng)該是全天24小時(shí),每周小時(shí),每周7天營業(yè),而非只是在工作日,所以天營業(yè),而非只是在工作日,所以B項(xiàng)排除;項(xiàng)排除;文章第一部分提到不收取賬戶管理費(fèi),所以文章第一部分提到不收取賬戶管理費(fèi),所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。答案:答案:C63The Winners Club provides magazines which_.
34、 Aencourage spending Bare free to all teenagers Care full of adventure stories Dhelp to make more of your money 提示:提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣2題干定位法。題干定位法。解析:解析:考生可以由題干入手,回到文中去查找相關(guān)段落,從考生可以由題干入手,回到文中去查找相關(guān)段落,從而得出答案。根據(jù)特色最后一點(diǎn)而得出答案。根據(jù)特色最后一點(diǎn)“Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine ful
35、l of good ideas to make even more of your money.”可知,辦理該業(yè)務(wù)的青少年可知,辦理該業(yè)務(wù)的青少年除了可以收到定期報(bào)告外,還可以免費(fèi)得到一份雜志,里面除了可以收到定期報(bào)告外,還可以免費(fèi)得到一份雜志,里面有很多好的建議或辦法可以幫助他們賺取更多的錢,所以答有很多好的建議或辦法可以幫助他們賺取更多的錢,所以答案為案為D項(xiàng);項(xiàng);A項(xiàng)和項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)未提到;項(xiàng)未提到;B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在這份雜志并不是對(duì)所項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在這份雜志并不是對(duì)所有的青少年都是免費(fèi)的,所以排除。有的青少年都是免費(fèi)的,所以排除。 答案:答案:D64If you want to be a member of t
36、he Club, you must_.Abe an Internet userBbe permitted by your parentChave a big sum of moneyDbe in your twenties提示:提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣3跳讀查找法。跳讀查找法。解析:解析:根據(jù)最后一段根據(jù)最后一段“You will have to get permission from your parent.”可知,辦理此項(xiàng)銀行業(yè)務(wù)要得到父母可知,辦理此項(xiàng)銀行業(yè)務(wù)要得到父母的同意或許可,所以的同意或許可,所以B項(xiàng)正確;該服務(wù)介紹第三點(diǎn)中提到項(xiàng)正確;該服務(wù)介紹第三點(diǎn)中提到
37、辦理業(yè)務(wù)有多種形式,其中包括使用網(wǎng)絡(luò),但不是必須辦理業(yè)務(wù)有多種形式,其中包括使用網(wǎng)絡(luò),但不是必須的,所以的,所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;由第一點(diǎn)中項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;由第一點(diǎn)中“Youre no millionaire so we dont expect you to pay large fees.”可知,辦理此項(xiàng)銀可知,辦理此項(xiàng)銀行業(yè)務(wù)的不一定都是有錢人,所以行業(yè)務(wù)的不一定都是有錢人,所以C項(xiàng)排除;項(xiàng)排除;D項(xiàng)要求辦項(xiàng)要求辦理業(yè)務(wù)者年齡在二十幾歲,文中并未提到。理業(yè)務(wù)者年齡在二十幾歲,文中并未提到。答案:答案:B65What is the purpose of this text? ATo set up a club
38、.BTo provide parttime jobs.CTo organize keycards.DTo introduce a new banking service.提示:提示:推理判斷題。利用要訣推理判斷題。利用要訣6歸納推理法。歸納推理法。解析:解析:通讀全文可知,文章主要是介紹一項(xiàng)新的銀行服務(wù)項(xiàng)通讀全文可知,文章主要是介紹一項(xiàng)新的銀行服務(wù)項(xiàng)目,所以答案目,所以答案D項(xiàng)正確。項(xiàng)正確。 答案:答案:D B (2011浙江高考,浙江高考,A篇篇)One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car
39、 to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. Thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tr
40、acks. Ceelys near_miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device(導(dǎo)航儀導(dǎo)航儀). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path
41、 of a speeding train,” she told the BBC. Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceelys story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are
42、 filled with small problems. And its not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards. The problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a
43、number of other possible causes. A mapmaker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really
44、is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesnt say. Its a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computerbased locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of f
45、igures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe its also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors. The game betw
46、een humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology. If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortco
47、mings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.題型與方法題型與方法語篇解讀:語篇解讀:隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,科技越來越先進(jìn),人類也越來越依隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,科技越來越先進(jìn),人類也越來越依賴科技,但有時(shí)候科技也會(huì)給人們帶來麻煩,文章中作者將會(huì)告賴科技,但有時(shí)候科技也會(huì)給人們帶來麻煩,文章中作者將會(huì)告訴我們什么呢?讓我們?nèi)チ私庖幌掳?!訴我們什么呢?讓我們?nèi)チ私庖幌掳桑?41What di
48、d Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?AShe was not familiar with the road.BIt was dark and raining heavily then.CThe railway workers failed to give the signal.DHer GPS device didnt tell her about the crossing.提示:提示:推理判斷題。利用要訣推理判斷題。利用要訣3跳讀查找法與要訣跳讀查找法與要訣5中的中的排除法相結(jié)合。排除法相結(jié)合。解析:解析:從文章第二段從文章第二
49、段she blamed it on her GPS device; Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I. train,”she told the BBC.可以看出,可以看出,Ceely怪罪的是這個(gè)導(dǎo)航儀沒有給她提示出這個(gè)鐵路道怪罪的是這個(gè)導(dǎo)航儀沒有給她提示出這個(gè)鐵路道口的存在??诘拇嬖?。答案:答案:D42The phrase “near miss”(Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by _.Aclose hit Bheavy lossCnarrow
50、escape Dbig mistake提示:提示:詞義猜測題。利用要訣詞義猜測題。利用要訣8中的上下文暗示法。中的上下文暗示法。解析:解析:由上下文暗示可知,由上下文暗示可知,near miss是對(duì)第一段撞車事故的是對(duì)第一段撞車事故的概括,相當(dāng)于概括,相當(dāng)于narrow escape,表示,表示“幸免于難幸免于難”的意思。的意思。答案:答案:C43Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?AModern technology is what we cant live without.BDigital
51、 technology often falls short of our expectation.CDigital devices are more reliable than they used to be.DGPS error is not the only cause for Ceelys accident.提示:提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣5正選法與排除法。正選法與排除法。解析:解析:從文章第三段可以看出,從文章第三段可以看出,Rick Stevenson表明表明“技術(shù)是有局技術(shù)是有局限性的限性的”,數(shù)字技術(shù)不一定能滿足人們的所有愿望。,數(shù)字技術(shù)不一定能滿足人們的所有
52、愿望。答案:答案:B44In the writers opinion, Stevensons argument is_.Aonesided BreasonableCpuzzling Dwellbased提示:提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣7情感詞匯推斷法。情感詞匯推斷法。解析:解析:從第四段從第四段“The problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of oth
53、er possible causes.”可以看可以看出,作者指出出,作者指出Rick Stevenson的觀點(diǎn)是片面的。的觀點(diǎn)是片面的。答案:答案:A45What is the real concern of the writer of this article?AThe major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.BThe relationship between humans and technology.CThe shortcomings of digital devices we use.DThe human unawareness
54、 of technical problems.提示:提示:主旨大意題。利用要訣主旨大意題。利用要訣6演繹推理法和歸納推理法。演繹推理法和歸納推理法。解析:解析:從第六段從第六段“The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser u
55、se of technology.”可以推斷出,作者最關(guān)心的是科技與人類的關(guān)系,可以推斷出,作者最關(guān)心的是科技與人類的關(guān)系,故故B項(xiàng)正確。項(xiàng)正確。答案:答案:B C (2011福建高考,福建高考,A篇篇) Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is co
56、nsumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant(抑制藥抑制藥), damaging eyesight, judgement and coordination (協(xié)調(diào)協(xié)調(diào)), slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected. Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorb
57、ed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower
58、 or having a cup of tea or coffee. The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is:50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood; or22 micrograms of alcohol per 100 ml of breath; or67 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of urine (尿液尿液) Drivers who cause traff
59、ic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $ 25, 000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 dr
60、ivingoffence points; or temporarily banned from driving. The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens (樣本樣本) for breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse. Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver, think before you drink.For the safety of yourself and other r
61、oad users, never drive after consuming alcohol. 題型與方法題型與方法語篇解讀:語篇解讀:酒后駕車是一種危險(xiǎn)的行為,會(huì)對(duì)他人、對(duì)自己酒后駕車是一種危險(xiǎn)的行為,會(huì)對(duì)他人、對(duì)自己造成巨大的威脅,所以酒后駕車會(huì)受到處罰。因此司機(jī)應(yīng)該造成巨大的威脅,所以酒后駕車會(huì)受到處罰。因此司機(jī)應(yīng)該對(duì)自己、對(duì)他人負(fù)責(zé),切勿酒后駕車。對(duì)自己、對(duì)他人負(fù)責(zé),切勿酒后駕車。56The first paragraph is mainly about_.Athe introduction of driving skillsBthe damage of drinking to you
62、r bodyCthe effect of drinking on drivingDthe process of alcohol being absorbed 提示:提示:主旨大意題。利用要訣主旨大意題。利用要訣6演繹推理法和歸納推理法。演繹推理法和歸納推理法。解析:解析:第一段主要介紹了喝酒對(duì)于司機(jī)開車方面的影響:第一段主要介紹了喝酒對(duì)于司機(jī)開車方面的影響:視力,判斷力和協(xié)調(diào)能力下降;反應(yīng)時(shí)間變慢;增加了發(fā)視力,判斷力和協(xié)調(diào)能力下降;反應(yīng)時(shí)間變慢;增加了發(fā)生事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選生事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。答案:答案:C57The underlined word“it” in the second
63、paragraph refers to “_”Aalcohol BabsorptionCblood Dprocess提示:提示:詞義猜測題。利用要訣詞義猜測題。利用要訣8上下文暗示法。上下文暗示法。解析:解析:it通常指上文提到的名詞或事情,上文主要講述通常指上文提到的名詞或事情,上文主要講述“除掉身體里的酒精是一個(gè)非常緩慢的過程除掉身體里的酒精是一個(gè)非常緩慢的過程”,由此推出,由此推出本句的本句的it指代前面的指代前面的process。答案:答案:D58Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ADrinking bel
64、ow the drink driving limit has no effect on driving.BAlcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.CHaving a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.D50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink driving limit.提示:提示:推理判斷題。利用要訣推理判斷題。利用要訣5正選法與排除法。正選法與排除法。解
65、析:解析:由第一段最后一句可知,即使酒精含量低于酒后由第一段最后一句可知,即使酒精含量低于酒后駕車的限制,開車也會(huì)受到影響,由此排除駕車的限制,開車也會(huì)受到影響,由此排除A項(xiàng);由第項(xiàng);由第二段最后一句可知,像洗澡或喝茶或咖啡等措施都不能二段最后一句可知,像洗澡或喝茶或咖啡等措施都不能使這個(gè)過程加快,由此排除使這個(gè)過程加快,由此排除C項(xiàng);由第三段第一句可以項(xiàng);由第三段第一句可以排除排除D項(xiàng);由第二段第二句可知,酒與果汁混到一起喝項(xiàng);由第二段第二句可知,酒與果汁混到一起喝時(shí)身體對(duì)酒精的吸收會(huì)加快。故選時(shí)身體對(duì)酒精的吸收會(huì)加快。故選B項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。答案:答案:B59A driver suspected o
66、f drink driving _.Ashould provide specimens for testingBwill be forbidden to drive for 3 yearsCwill be punished for 10 drivingoffence pointsDshould pay a maximum fine of HK $ 25, 000提示:提示:推理判斷題。利用要訣推理判斷題。利用要訣4背景常識(shí)法。背景常識(shí)法。解析:解析:根據(jù)生活常識(shí),被懷疑酒后駕駛的司機(jī)要提供樣根據(jù)生活常識(shí),被懷疑酒后駕駛的司機(jī)要提供樣本檢測。由倒數(shù)第二段可知,不提供樣本檢測的司機(jī)也本檢測。由倒數(shù)第二段可知,不提供樣本檢測的司機(jī)也要受到同樣的懲罰。由此可推出,被懷疑喝酒的司機(jī)應(yīng)要受到同樣的懲罰。由此可推出,被懷疑喝酒的司機(jī)應(yīng)該提供樣本供檢測。該提供樣本供檢測。B項(xiàng)、項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)敘述的對(duì)司機(jī)的處項(xiàng)敘述的對(duì)司機(jī)的處罰措施,必須在確定司機(jī)喝酒之后才能實(shí)施。故選罰措施,必須在確定司機(jī)喝酒之后才能實(shí)施。故選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。答案:答案:A
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