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1、遼寧省遼寧省英語英語第第39講閱讀理解講閱讀理解 在近3年遼寧各地市的中考試題中，閱讀理解大多數(shù)地方均為4篇，在形式上以選擇型(4選1)為主要類型，并且大部分地區(qū)都會涉及一定量的圖畫或表格，以增強(qiáng)試題的趣味性。各地話題涉及廣泛，文體以記敘文和說明文為主，少量涉及議論文，詞數(shù)均在200左右。記敘文的話題以故事類為主，包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等，以道德教育為目的，每年至少有2篇涉及該話題，約占閱讀理解所有考查話題的50%。預(yù)計2016年仍會涉及該話題。廣告圖表類閱讀理解的考查約占閱讀理解所有考查話題的25%。這類話題一方面增加了試題的趣味性，另一方面貼近生活實(shí)際，能教會學(xué)生一些英語在生活中
2、的運(yùn)用。分析近三年遼寧試題可知，廣告圖表類涉及較多的是34組不同的小廣告或圖表組合，也會偶爾涉及某一個海報或某一則信息，所涉及的內(nèi)容多貼近人們的社會生活，或是一些奇聞軼事。預(yù)計2016年仍會涉及該形式。說明文以介紹類為主，包括飲食健康、咨詢建議、文化風(fēng)俗、科普知識、社會熱點(diǎn)、人物介紹、廣告信息等，內(nèi)容涉及廣泛，以了解知識為目的。每年中考試題中至少有1篇涉及該話題，約占閱讀理解所有考查話題的25%。預(yù)計2016年仍會涉及該話題。中考英語“閱讀理解”題主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識的能力。很多同學(xué)在做題時常常有一種“讀得懂做不對”的感覺。那么有必要對閱讀理解這種題型及其解題技巧作一些簡要的分析
3、。從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看，短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學(xué)知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面，充分體現(xiàn)其時代性、實(shí)用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和判斷正誤題。做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問題，弄清考點(diǎn)。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問題，以便在閱讀短文時做到心中有數(shù)，快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后難。做題時不必拘泥于書中所呈現(xiàn)的語篇順序，應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原則。如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題，因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對短文進(jìn)行深層理解，再作判斷。 (一)主旨概括題主旨題主要考查學(xué)生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此
4、類題時，應(yīng)通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨大意題主要的設(shè)問方式有：Whats the main idea of this passage?What does the passage mainly tell us?What does the passage mainly discuss?The writer means to tell us that _.The main idea of the passage is that _.The passage is mainly about _.From the pass
5、age we can learn/conclude that _.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.Whats the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage?The best title for the passage is _. (二)細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)題是用來進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)題。做此類題時，應(yīng)快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時要有針對性。細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目常見的設(shè)問方式有：Which
6、of the following is true/false/mentioned?What does the writer pay the least attention to?Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.All of the following statements may be true/false except _.Which of the following is not the result of.?Which of the following best characterizes the mai
7、n feature of.?【例1】(2015，遼陽) It was Sunday.I had one last patient to see.I reached her room in a hurry and stood at the doorway.She was an old woman，sitting in the chair，trying to put socks on her feet.I spoke quickly to the nurse and had a look at her chart noting (病歷表)I stood looking down at her.“C
8、ould you help me to put on my socks？” she asked.I didnt answer，but I said something like this，“How are you feeling？Your sugar and blood pressure were high but they are better today.The nurse mentioned you are anxious (渴望的) to see your son whos visiting you today.Its nice to have a family visit from
9、faraway.I think you really look forward to seeing him.”She stopped me with a serious voice，“Sit down，doctor.This is my story，not your story.” I was surprised and embarrassed (尷尬的)I sat down.I helped her with the socks.She began to tell me that her only son lived around the corner from her，but she ha
10、dnt seen him for five years.She believed that the stress caused her health problems.After hearing her story and putting on her socks，I asked if there was anything else I could do for her.She shook her head and smiled.All she wanted me to do was to listen.I often thought of what the woman taught me a
11、nd I reminded myself of the importance of stopping，sitting and listening.The storyteller should be listened towithout interruptionI believe in the power of listening.I know that healing (康復(fù)) takes place when someone stops，sits down and listens.【文章大意】本文通過講述一位醫(yī)生與一名患者之間的經(jīng)歷，讓人懂得傾聽是一劑良藥。1The old woman wa
12、s my _.AdoctorBfriendCpatientDnurse【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段第二句I had one last patient to see.和第四句She was an old woman.可知，這位老人是我的病人。答案：_C_2I _ the old woman when I saw her at first.Adidnt listen to Bcarefully looked overCknew a lot about Doffered help to【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段開始She stopped me with a serious voice，“Sit d
13、own，doctor.This is my story，not your story.”可知，起初醫(yī)生只顧自己夸夸其談，而沒有傾聽患者的心聲，引起了患者的不滿。答案：_A_3The old woman lived a(n) _ life.Afantastic Beasy Chappy Dlonely【解析】推理判斷題。從第二段中The nurse mentioned you are anxious to see your son whos visiting you today.可知，她急切地想見到兒子。另外從第三段中She began to tell me that her only son
14、lived around the corner from her，but she hadnt seen him for five years.可知，她五年沒見到自己的兒子。所以她過的是一種很孤單的生活。答案：_D_4The underlined word “interruption” means _.A打動 B打岔 C打亂 D打擊【解析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句：The storyteller should be listened towithout interruption.可知，講述者應(yīng)該被傾聽，不應(yīng)被打斷、打擾。答案：_B_5Which is the best title (題
15、目) of the passage？_.AWe should be thankful to othersBThe real meaning of loveCListening is powerful medicineDHelping others is necessary【解析】主旨大意題。通過文章中醫(yī)患之間的對話可知，作者希望人們之間多一些傾聽，因此C項(xiàng)最恰當(dāng)。另外，其他三個選項(xiàng)的主題分別是感恩、愛和助人，和主題不符，因此排除。答案：_C_If you are hungry，what do you do？Get your favorite meal and stay quiet after
16、that？Just like your stomach，your mind is hungry，too.But it never lets you know，because its busy thinking about your dream lover，favorite star and many such things.So your brain just pays attention to your needs and never lets itself grow.When your mind stops growing，your creativity (創(chuàng)創(chuàng)造力造力) ) stops，
17、too.This is why we all sometimes think “What happens next？”，“Why cant I think？”，“Why am I always given the difficult problems？” Well，this is because we always use our brain for meaningless (無意無意義義的的) ) things.Hunger of the mind can be actually satiated (滿滿足足) ) through reading.Because reading has be
18、en the most educative (教育的教育的) tool used by us from the childhood.You have a large number of books，they will answer all your “How to？” questions.When you read a book，you just dont run your eyes through the lines，but even your mind explains it to you.The interesting part of the book is always stored
19、in your mind.The more books you read，the wider your mind will open up.Also，this improves your creativity.Actually，I used to have trouble in speaking English well，but as I read，I have made great progress.So join me and give food for your mind by reading，reading and more reading.Now what are you waiti
20、ng for？Go，get a book，and let me know!1From this passage，we sometimes have trouble thinking because _ _Awe eat too muchBwe dont have a good sleepCwe think of too many meaningless thingsDwe are too busy2We could _ _ when our mind is hungry.Aeat a big meal Bread a bookCwatch TV Dchat with friendsCB3The
21、 passage mainly tells us that reading can _ _Abring us some problemsBmake us think of meaningless thingsCget your favorite mealDopen up your mind4According to the passage，we can remember the _ _ part when we read a book.Aeducative BinterestingCmeaningless DdifficultDB5We can know that the writer _ _
22、Agives food to some peopleBwaits for someone to learn a languageCencourages people to read more booksDstops speaking English【文章大意】本文主要說明了讀書對人的影響【文章大意】本文主要說明了讀書對人的影響，號召人們多讀號召人們多讀書。書。1C【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段末句說明了答案?！窘馕觥勘绢}是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段末句說明了答案。2B【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句“思想的思想的饑餓完全可以通過讀書來滿足饑餓完全可以通
23、過讀書來滿足”，可知應(yīng)選可知應(yīng)選B。C3D【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段倒數(shù)第二句【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段倒數(shù)第二句“The more books you read，the wider your mind will open up.”說明應(yīng)說明應(yīng)選選D。4B【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段倒數(shù)第三句【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段倒數(shù)第三句“The interesting part of the book is always stored in your mind.”說明了答說明了答案。案。5C【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題?？捎赡┒蔚诙洹窘馕觥勘绢}是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。可由末段第二句“So j
24、oin me and give food for your mind by reading.”等句可知應(yīng)選等句可知應(yīng)選C。 (三)推理判斷題推斷題就是根據(jù)某個事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論的題型，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語句，對與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。推理判斷題主要的設(shè)問方式有：It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that.Which of the following
25、 conclusions can we draw according to the passage?The writer suggests that.The writer uses the example of.to show that.Whats the writers attitude toward.?Whats the writers purpose of writing the passage?From the passage，we know.The writer probably agrees that. (四)猜測詞義題猜測詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義的能力。
26、一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見過的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。詞義猜測題主要的設(shè)問方式有：Whats the meaning of the underlined word/phrase.in Chinese?The underlined word.refers to/probably means.The underlined word.could be replaced by.What is the meaning of.?Which of
27、 the following words can take the place of the word.?【例2】 (2015，撫順)What do you think will happen when the traditional culture meet modern technology？Yes，the “dead” words become lively characters (人物) at once.How happy it is to enjoy these Chinese cartoons！Ma Liang is a poor boy who loves painting.He
28、 always uses his magic brush to fight against the bad people in the village.The cartoon The Magic Brush came out in 1955.A group of tadpoles (蝌蚪) are born.They try to find their mother that they have never seen.The story is very simple，but it needs complex technology to show the artistic style of in
29、k (水墨) painting.Little Tadpole Looking for Mom was watched in 1961 first.The Monkey King：Uproar in Heaven (19611964) is Chinas first color cartoon.It is from the Chinese novel Journey to the West.Its successful.Not only we but also many westerners like the great monkey Sun Wukong.To beat two bad per
30、sons，an old man grows 7 calabashes (葫蘆)，and they change into 7 boys.They try their best to beat the bad.Calabash Brothers (1986) is a masterpiece (杰作) of Chinese papercutting art.【文章大意】這篇短文圖文并茂地介紹了四部中國傳統(tǒng)文化與現(xiàn)代科技結(jié)合而成的動畫片：神筆馬良小蝌蚪找媽媽大鬧天宮和葫蘆兄弟。1_ show the artistic style of ink painting.AThe Magic BrushBL
31、ittle Tadpole Looking for MomCThe Monkey King：Uproar in HeavenDCalabash Brothers【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個表格中.show the artistic style of ink painting.可知小蝌蚪找媽媽展示了水墨畫的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。答案：_B_2What does the underlined word “complex” mean in Chinese?A重復(fù)的 B復(fù)雜的 C雜亂的 D冗長的【解析】詞義理解題。根據(jù)第二個表格中The story is very simple，but it needs com
32、plex technology to show the artistic style of ink painting.可知展示水墨畫藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的動畫片需要復(fù)雜的藝術(shù)。答案：_B_3The Monkey King：Uproar in Heaven is _.Athe first film in ChinaBonly loved by ChineseCthe first color cartoon in ChinaDloved by all the westerners【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個表格中Uproar in Heaven is Chinas first color cartoon.可
33、知答案。答案：_C_4Which is TRUE according to the passage?AMa Liang punished the villagers with his brush.BLittle Tadpole Looking for Mom came out in 1964.CThe Monkey King is from a Chinese novel.DCalabash Brothers is from Chinese clay art.【解析】本題考查對文章信息的綜合推理判斷能力。采取逐項(xiàng)分析排除法。根據(jù)第一個表格中He always uses his magic br
34、ush to fight against the bad people in the village.可知馬良用畫筆懲罰壞人，選項(xiàng)A是錯誤的；根據(jù)第二個表格中Little Tadpole Looking for Mom was watched in 1961 first.可知選項(xiàng)B是錯誤的；根據(jù)第三個表格中It is from the Chinese novel Journey to the West.可知選項(xiàng)C是正確的；根據(jù)第四個表格中Calabash Brothers is a masterpiece of Chinese papercutting art.可知選項(xiàng)D是錯誤的。答案：_C_
35、5From the passage，we can learn something about _.Afamous people BChinese inventionsCtraditional food DChinese cartoons【解析】主旨大意題。分析短文可知這四部作品都是中國動畫片。答案：_D_Four years ago when I was a boy of 11，I got into the biggest trouble as a kid.It was a Saturday morning.Both my parents were out，leaving me and my
36、10monthold sister home alone.Anyway，my sister was still asleep in her room.In fact I had the house to myself.I decided to do some drawing.Soon I gave up.Nothing was on TV，so I felt bored and touched the candles on the shelf.I had an idea！What would happen if I set fire to some kitchen paper？Well，of
37、course it went on fire，but it wasnt the tiny flame (火苗火苗) Id expected，and I couldnt blow it out.I threw it on the floor，and then luckily got my dads boots (靴子靴子) and stamped it outI thought I was safe until there was a HUGE hole in my room.When my mum came home later，she smelt the smoke immediately.
38、She dropped the shopping bag，luckily for me，over the hole.I thought this meant she would never see it.However，after running round the house checking for a fire，she of course picked up the bag and saw the hole.Next I was grounded (關(guān)禁關(guān)禁閉閉) ) and in trouble for months.Even worse though，the hole was sti
39、ll there，reminding me of what I did.6How old was the writer when he wrote the passage？_A11 years old. B13 years old.C15 years old. D17 years old.7The underlined words “stamp_out” in the first paragraph mean _ _A吹滅吹滅 B踩滅踩滅 C殺滅殺滅 D澆滅澆滅CB8Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage._
40、_The boy set fire to some kitchen paper.The boy did some drawing.The boy was grounded.The boy stamped the fire out.His mother checked for a fire.A BC DB9Who put out the fire at last？_ _AThe writer.BThe writer and his sister.CThe writers mother.DThe writers father.10Whats the main idea of the passage
41、？_ _AIts difficult to put out a fire.BThe boy didnt look after his sister.CThe boy made a big trouble when he was 11.DDont leave children home alone while shopping.AC【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者小時候惹的一個講述了作者小時候惹的一個麻煩。麻煩。1C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Four years ago when I was a boy of 11可知可知，作者是在作者是在15歲時寫的這篇文章。歲時寫的這篇文章。2B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)boots可知是踩滅可知是踩滅，故選故選B。3B【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知選【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知選B。4A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知選【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知選A。5C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)Four years ago when I was a boy of 11，I got into the biggest trouble as a kid.并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知選知選C。
遼寧省中考英語 考點(diǎn)聚焦 第39講 閱讀理解課件
