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1、第第 十十 二二 章章 句句 子子 的的 種種 類類句子是具有一定語法結(jié)構(gòu)，表達(dá)一個(gè)獨(dú)立完整意義的語言單位。句子按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句三類，而根據(jù)使用目的，則可分為陳述句、感嘆句、疑問句和祈使句。1. 句子的類型主語+不及物動(dòng)詞 (主、謂結(jié)構(gòu))：The baby is sleeping.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語 (主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu))：The baby drinks milk every day.主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語 (主、系、表結(jié)構(gòu))：Leaves turn yellow in autumn.簡(jiǎn)單句常見的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，become，get，turn，feel，look，smell，s
2、ound，taste，seem。主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語 (人)+直接賓語 (物)=主語+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語 (物)+to/for間接賓語 (人)此類及物動(dòng)詞有：give，pass，show，lend，buy等，但buy與for連用：My mother bought me a watch on my 16th birthday.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(作賓補(bǔ)的詞：名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式)：We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.并列句由并列連詞and，or，so，while，yet，but等把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)
3、成并列句(其結(jié)構(gòu)為：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句)：My father is outgoing，but my mother is very quiet.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或以上的從句構(gòu)成：I really cant find out who has broken the windows.2. 句子的種類句子種類 (按使用目的分類) 陳述句(用來陳述事實(shí))肯定句：He is fond of collecting stamps.否定句：He hasnt written a letter to his mother yet.疑問句(用來提出問題)一般疑問句： Are you a policeman？
4、 Yes，I am./No，I am not.特殊疑問句：Whats your e-mail address？反意疑問句：There are few people in the room，are there？ 選擇疑問句 Do you like football or basketball？ I like basketball.祈使句 (用來發(fā)出請(qǐng)求或命令)肯定句：Come on！No smoking！ 否定句：Dont be late for school！ 感嘆句(表示強(qiáng)烈的感情)How : How beautiful the flower is！What : What a beautif
5、ul flower it is！考 點(diǎn) 1 感 嘆 句感嘆句是用來表達(dá)人的特殊情感的句子，可以表達(dá)人的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情色彩。感嘆句一般由what或how開頭。what用來強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞，how則用來強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。1. 感嘆句的基本句型(1) What a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語：What a lovely girl she is！What an exciting match it was！若形容詞為元音音素開頭則用what an，若形容詞為輔音音素開頭則用what a。(3) How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語: How delicious the food is！(2)
6、 What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語:What beautiful pictures they are！有些不可數(shù)名詞如rain，wind，breakfast，lunch，success，surprise前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，要用what a/an。(4) How+主語+謂語：How time flies！2. 以what開頭的感嘆句和以how開頭的感嘆句可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，意思不變，但要改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如：What a lovely girl she is！=How lovely the girl is！ (=How lovely a girl she is！)What lovel
7、y girls they are！=How lovely the girls are！熱身真題熱身真題( ) _ angry Kangkang looks! What happened? He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday.（2016福州市) A. How B. What C. What an中考真題A考 點(diǎn) 2 疑 問 句用以提問或表示疑問的句子叫疑問句，句末用問號(hào)。疑問句一般分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。一般疑問句: 助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞提前直接用Yes或No來回答:
8、Does she do the washing？ Yes，she does./No，she doesnt 選擇疑問句(1) 一般疑問句+or+供選擇的部分: Is he reading books or doing homework？ He is reading books./Reading books.(2) 特殊疑問句+A or B : Which do you like better，the red one or the green one？ The red one.不能用Yes和No來回答，要用一個(gè)完整的句子或其省略形式來回答特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞 (Wh或 How)+一般疑問句不能直接
9、用Yes或No來回答，要用一個(gè)詞或詞組，也可以用一個(gè)完整的句子來回答: Where does he live？ Paris./He lives in Paris.(1) how many用于詢問數(shù)量，針對(duì)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式提問，意為 “多少”。如：How many siblings do you have.(2) how long用于詢問 “時(shí)間多長，多久”。一般針對(duì)過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)或完成時(shí)提問，不對(duì)將來時(shí)進(jìn)行提問，意為 “多長，多久”。如：How long did you stay in Hong Kong last time？注意：重點(diǎn)關(guān)注 how引出的詞組，如how many，how lon
10、g，how often，how soon，how far的用法區(qū)分。 (3) how often用于詢問 “時(shí)間的頻率”，意為 “多久一次”。如： How often do you water the flowers？(5) how far用于詢問距離，意為 “多遠(yuǎn)”。如：How far is it from here to the bus stop？(4) how soon意為 “多久”，強(qiáng)調(diào)未來還需要多長時(shí)間，針對(duì)將來時(shí)提問。如：How soon will you arrive？ 真題熱身真題熱身( )1. is the nearest hospital from here? Er, it
11、s about ten minutes walk.（2016福州市) A. How long B. How far C. How often( ) 2. These shoes look cool. _ are they? They are on sale, only $69.（2016廈門市) A. How much B. How long C. How many中考真題BA考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 3 祈祈 使使 句句祈使句表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議或勸告等，主語通常被省略，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)例子例子答句答句肯定句動(dòng)詞原形+表語/賓語！ Hurry up！/Be carefu
12、l！ Yes，I/we will.No，I/we wont.否定句Dont+動(dòng)詞原形+表語/賓語！Dont be late！No+名詞/動(dòng)名詞！No photos！/No smoking！Lets not+動(dòng)詞原形Lets not play football. 真題熱身真題熱身( ) 1. Tommy, _ play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car. (2016廣東省) A. do B. dont C. must D. mustnt( ) 2. Daniel, _ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street. (2015鹽城市) A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant中考真題BA
福建省中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第十二章 句子的種類課件
