高中英語 Module 2 Traffic Jam 第3課時 Grammar同步課件 外研版必修4

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1、1sign n. 標(biāo)記；符號；記號；征兆；跡象；征候He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟著他(走)。The sign by the road says“No Parking”路邊的牌子上寫著“禁止停車”。There are no signs of life about the house.這房子沒有有人住的跡象。知識拓展make a sign to 對作暗號/打手勢show a sign of 出現(xiàn)的樣子或形跡；有的征兆sign away 簽字讓與；簽字放棄sign in 簽到；把的名字登記sign off 結(jié)束寫信辨析：sign與marksig

2、n與mark都含有“標(biāo)記”；“征兆”的意思。1)sign系常用詞，指“具有一定含義的任何有形或無形的符號或標(biāo)志，它可以表示實物、表情、動作、文字、語言及任何痕跡或征兆”。There is a stop sign at an intersection.在交叉路口處有停車標(biāo)志。2)mark指“為某一目的而有意作的標(biāo)記”，也指“無意留下或自然形成的痕跡”。Suffering left its mark on his face.苦難的經(jīng)歷在他臉上留下了痕跡。高考直擊(2009湖北)In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his b

3、ook, it was a_for everyone to stand up.Asignal BchanceCmark Dmeasure解析：本題考查名詞的詞義辨析。singal“標(biāo)志”；暗示的信號(物)；chance“機會”；mark“商標(biāo)；分?jǐn)?shù)”；measure“措施”。答案：A即學(xué)即用There are no_that there was a fight here.Amark BsignalCsign Dsigns答案：D2instruct v. 教導(dǎo)；命令；通知They havent instructed us where to go.他們還未指示我們到何處去。知識拓展instruct

4、 sb. in sth. 教授某人學(xué)某科目instruct sb. about sth. 向某人下命令；指導(dǎo)He instructs our class in physics.他教我們班的物理課。知識拓展1)instruction n(對知識的)教授；傳授；教導(dǎo)In this course, students receive instruction in basic engineering.在本課程中，學(xué)生能學(xué)到基礎(chǔ)工程學(xué)的知識。2)instructions n. 指示；命令；用法說明；操作指南She had instructions to be home by midnight.命令她午夜前

5、必須回家。即學(xué)即用You should read the_in the car repair manual(手冊)carefully before you start to work on it.Ainstruction BinstructionsCintroduction Dexplanations答案：B3blow v(blew, blown)1)吹；吹動The wind has blown my hat off.風(fēng)把我的帽子刮走了。2)吹奏；響起The horn blew.號角吹響了。知識拓展blow off 減輕；釋放(壓力)；放走blow out(被一陣風(fēng))吹滅blow over (

6、一陣)過去；(風(fēng)波)平息高考直擊(2008湖南)The trees_in the storm have been moved off the road.Abeing blown down Bblown downCblowing down Dto blow down解析：考查過去分詞作定語。blown down為過去分詞修飾the trees. The trees blown down in the storm相當(dāng)于The trees which were blown down in the storm.答案：B4react v. 反應(yīng)How did your mother react to t

7、he news?你媽媽對這個消息的反應(yīng)怎么樣？知識拓展1)相關(guān)詞：reaction n. 反應(yīng)2)同義詞：respond v. 反應(yīng)3)固定搭配：react against 反抗；反對react with發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)react to 對作出反應(yīng)Your praise will react on your students.你的表揚會影響到你的學(xué)生。即學(xué)即用用(to/on/against填空)(1)Plants react_light.(2)Certain acids react_metals to cause chemical changes.(3)They reacted strongly_

8、the unreasonable rules.答案：(1)to(2)on(3)against1not just(only).but also.不但而且Not only he but also you have read the book.不但他而且你也讀過這本書。知識拓展1)not only.but also.連接兩個并列名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞形式按就近原則。2)not only.but also.連接兩個并列分句時，not only分句用部分倒裝語序，but also分句用正常語序。Not only are you wrong but also he is wrong.不僅你錯了，而且

9、他也錯了。注意：not only.but also., either.or., neither.nor., not.but.連接兩個并列主語時，用法一樣，謂語動詞形式按就近原則。Are either you or he going to Beijing tomorrow?是你或他明天要去北京嗎？辨析：as well as; not only.but also; rather thanas well as強調(diào)其前面的人或事物；not only.but also強調(diào)but also之后的人或事物；rather than表示“而非”，連接兩個主語時動詞要注意就近原則。He was sensible

10、as well as kind.他既善良又明智。He gave not only advice but also some books.他不僅給我提了建議，而且還給了我一些書。 She rather than I am interested in the novelShe, not I , is interested in the novelShe instead of me is interested in the novel. 她對這部小說感興趣，而我則不感興趣。高考直擊(2009全國)The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not

11、only_， but students became more interested in the lessons.Asaved was teachers energyBwas teachers energy savedCteachers energy was savedDwas saved teachers energy解析：句意為“計算機應(yīng)用于教學(xué)。結(jié)果，不僅教師節(jié)省能量，而且學(xué)生對課程更感興趣。”考查“not only.but also.”結(jié)構(gòu)， not only放在句首作狀語，句子需要部分倒裝。not only 后句子倒裝，but aslo后句子不倒裝。答案：B即學(xué)即用Not only

12、_to us the importance of doing the work but they also told us the best way to do it.Adid they explain Bthey explainedCthey explain Dhad they explained答案：A2as a result 結(jié)果是；作為結(jié)果He had a road accident.As a result，he had to stay in hospital for a whole month.他出了一次車禍，結(jié)果只得在醫(yī)院里躺了整整一個月。知識拓展1)as a/the result

13、 ofbecause of; owing to; thanks to由于；作為的結(jié)果She died as a/the result of her injuries.她由于受傷而死亡。 2)result form因而發(fā)生；隨產(chǎn)生 The accident resulted from his carelessness. 這場事故是由他的粗心引起的。 3)result in 造成；導(dǎo)致 His carelessness resulted in the accident. 他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這場事故。高考直擊(2009全國)Jenny nearly missed the flight_doing too

14、 much shopping.Aas a result of Bon top ofCin front of Din need of解析：本題題意：由于購物過度，珍妮差一點錯過了航班。as a/the result of表示“作為的結(jié)果；因為”。答案：A即學(xué)即用Rose was wild with joy_the result of the examination.Ato BatCby Das答案：BThey should close the city centre to all traffic except buses and bikes, and build large car parks

15、outside the town.他們應(yīng)該關(guān)閉中心的交通，只對公共汽車和自行車開放，并且在城外建立大型停車場。except prep. used to introduce the only thing or person in a group about which a statement is not true 除之外We know nothing about him except that he is from Australia.對于他，我們除了知道他來自于澳大利亞外，其他的一無所知。We all went to have the picnic except Emma.除了?，斘覀兇蠹叶?/p>

16、去野炊了。辨析：besides, except, except for, except that1)besides意為“除了之外(還有)”，有肯定的附加意義，即表示“在之外，還另有”。All of us passe the English exam besides Alice.除了艾麗絲之外，我們大家也都通過了英語考試。(艾麗絲及格了，我們大家也及格了。)2)except意為“除之外(不包括本身在內(nèi))”，有否定和排除的含義，表示從整體中除去一部分，著重在“不包括”的含義上。All of us passed the English exam except Alice.除了艾麗絲之外，我們大家都通

17、過了英語考試。(艾麗絲沒有及格) 3)besides和except必須是同類人或物相加減，在否定句中兩者可互換。 John has no other electric trains except/besides this one. 除了這列電動火車外，約翰沒有別的電動火車了。 4)except for沒有項目類別的明顯限制，強調(diào)整體與部分的局部關(guān)系。 The translation is well done except for a few small mistakes. 除了幾處小錯誤之外，翻譯練習(xí)做得很好。 5)except that用來表示理由或細(xì)節(jié)，修正前面所說的情況，其后接從句可以與

18、except for互換。 Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes. Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes. 你的文章很好，只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。一言辨異We all went there except him last time. This time well all go besides him.上次除了他沒去外，我們都去了。這次除他去以外，我們也都去那里。提示：1)except/but作“除了

19、”講時，其前如果出現(xiàn)do的某種形式，其后用不帶to的不定式，否則不定式符號to不不能省略。We had nothing to do except/but listen to MP3 to kill time.我們無事可做，只好聽MP3來消磨時間。 We have no choice except to read more books to make us learned. 我們除了多讀書使我們有學(xué)識外，別無選擇。 2)as well as作“除了”講時，相當(dāng)于besides，而apart from與besides和except可互換使用。即學(xué)即用Some people choose jobs

20、for other reasons_money these days.Afor BexceptCbesides Dwith答案：C祈使句1定義祈使句是英語的基本句型之一，表達說話人對對方的叮囑、勸告、請求或命令等，往往有表示請求、命令、希望、禁止、勸告等意思。祈使句一般沒有主語，實際上是省略了主語“you”。句末用感嘆號或句號，用降調(diào)朗讀?？隙ńY(jié)構(gòu)都以動詞原形開頭。Catch the ball!接球！(句子的意思是讓“你”接球) Go and ask the teacher. 去問問老師。(句子的意思是讓“你”去問老師) Put the books in your bag. 把書放到書包里。

21、Come and meet my family. 來看看我家人。2句型1)祈使句的肯定句式有三種形式：(1)Do型(以行為動詞原形開頭)。Sit down！坐下！Stand up! 起立！(2)Be型(以be開頭)。Be quiet!安靜！(3)Let型(以let開頭)。Let me help you.讓我來幫助你。注意：三種句型Do型是最常見、最簡單的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。表示請求、勸告的祈使句還常常在句前或句末加上please，構(gòu)成句式：Please.或.please。從而使語氣更加緩和或客氣。Please stand up.或Stand up, please.請站起來。Please have a r

22、est.或Have a rest, please.請休息一下。2)祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是以“Dont動詞原形”開頭。Dont go there, please.請別去那兒。注意：Lets型祈使句，其否定式也可用Lets not.Lets not have a rest.咱們別休息了。Lets not sit here!我們不要坐在這兒！ 3)反意疑問形式如以下幾種： (1)當(dāng)肯定祈使句表示請求語氣時，用will you。 Open the door, will you? 打開門，好嗎？ (2)當(dāng)肯定祈使句表示征求某人意見或邀請語氣時，用wont you。 Come to dinner with m

23、e, wont you? 與我一起吃飯，可以嗎？ (3)否定祈使句用will you。 Dont open the window, will you? 不要開窗子，好嗎？ (4)Lets 開頭的祈使句，用shall we。 Lets go shopping together, shall we? 我們一起去購物，好嗎？ (5)Let us開頭的祈使句，用will you。 Let us go swimming, Mum, will you? 媽媽，讓我們?nèi)ビ斡荆袉?？知識拓展1)含let的祈使句。它們的結(jié)構(gòu)是“Let/Let sb.動詞原形”。Let me have a try.讓我試一試。L

24、ets go swimming.讓我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞１嫖觯簂ets與let us(1)lets包括聽話人，但let us不包括聽話人在內(nèi)。Lets go home.我們回家吧。(說話人主動提議雙方共同去做某事)Let us go.讓我們走吧。(請對方允許自己做某事，不包括聽話人) (2)它們的反意疑問句形式不同。 Lets go to the cinema tonight, shall we? Let us do it ourselves, will you? 2)帶主語的祈使句 為了強調(diào)主語，指明向誰提出請求或命令，或大人對小孩說話，或表示說話人發(fā)怒、不高興、急躁、厭煩等感情色彩時常使用帶主語的

25、祈使句。 You come with me. 你跟我來。 You mind your own business! 少管閑事！ 3)No名詞或動名詞(是日常生活中常見的警示語) No photos! 禁止拍照！No smoking! 禁止吸煙！ 4)加強祈使句語氣的方式：在謂語前加do。 Do come here on time. 千萬要按時來。 Do be quiet! 務(wù)必保持安靜！高考直擊(1)(2010四川卷，19)If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.Ado devote Bdont devoteCd

26、evoting Dnot devoting解析：句意：如果你有份工作，一定要全力以赴地去做，最終你就會成功的。if引導(dǎo)的應(yīng)是條件狀語從句，所填處應(yīng)是完整的句子，應(yīng)用動詞原形構(gòu)成祈使句，從而產(chǎn)生“祈使句and句子”的結(jié)構(gòu)。由句意知，應(yīng)是肯定式的祈使句。答案：A(2)(2008湖南)_the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.AHaving searched BTo searchCSearching DSearch解析：考查祈使句?！捌硎咕鋋nd/or句子”為一固定結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：D