中考英語語法二輪專題 現(xiàn)在完成時課件

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1、 The Present Perfect Tense study EnglishHow long have you been studying English?I have been studying English for two years.(2009-now)2009started studying English2012studying2 yearshas been studyingWhen did you start studying English? In 2009. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 助動詞助動詞have/has + 過去分詞過去分詞1.肯定句肯定句 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是現(xiàn)

2、在完成時的肯定句式是“havehave（hashas）過去分詞）過去分詞”。 注意：該句式中的注意：該句式中的havehave或或hashas是助動詞是助動詞，hashas用于第三人用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用havehave。egeg. He has eaten supper. He has eaten supper.They have eaten supper.They have eaten supper.2.疑問句疑問句現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞havehave或或hashas提提到主語之前。到主語之前。 ( (回答用回

3、答用“YesYes，-havehave/ /hashas“NoNo，-haventhavent/ /hasnthasnt” ）3.否定句否定句：現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是“haventhavent/ /hasnthasnt過去分過去分詞詞”。 egeg. Has he eaten supper?. Has he eaten supper?Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.egeg. He hasnt eaten supper. He hasnt eaten supper.They havent eaten

4、supper.They havent eaten supper. 用法一、用法一、 1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,（強調(diào)結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在）（強調(diào)結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在）例如例如 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。我剛洗過衣服。 （“洗衣服洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是是“衣服干凈了衣服干凈了”） I have just had my breakfast. (對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) Has he had his breakfast?

5、Yes, he has. When did he have his breakfast? He had breakfast at 6:00.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的分類現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的分類 1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the te

6、acher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have done it.通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞 just (謂語動詞之前謂語動詞之前) （剛（剛剛）剛）, already（已經(jīng)（已經(jīng)(肯定句肯定句) ）, before, yet（一般疑問（一般疑問(句句末）末） ：已經(jīng)；否定句：還）：已經(jīng)；否定句：還） never, ever (疑問句疑問句) twice recently(近來）近來）等狀語連用等狀語連用 1 Tom has already fin

7、ished his homework. Tom hasnt finished his homework yet. 2 I have just had my lunch. She hasnt seen you before. 3 Have you ever eaten fish? I have never eaten fish I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I

8、have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 1. I _(have) lunch already 2. the train_ (arrive) yet? 3.Tom _ never_ (be ) to China. 4. The twin _just _(see) my father. 5. The twins _(see) my father just now. 6._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.have hadHas arrivedhasbeen

9、hasseensawhave ridden7._ you _(clean) the room?7._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do Yes, we_(do) that already.) that already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No. When _ he _(see)

10、 it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it tomorrow. He _ it tomorrow. 9. How many times _you_(come) here? 9. How many times _you_(come) here? Once. Once.HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseenwillwillseeseewill seewill seehavehavecomecome1 你已經(jīng)問過這個問題兩邊了，別再煩我了。2我能借你的字典用一下嗎？對不起，已

11、經(jīng)借給tom了。3 你以前見過她嗎？不，從來沒有過。 4 你曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎？是的我去過那兒三次。5 你已經(jīng)看完那本小說了嗎？是的，我已經(jīng)把它還給圖書館了。用法二用法二： 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。A A 動詞動詞使用延續(xù)性動詞使用延續(xù)性動詞。B B 和表時間段的時間狀語連用。和表時間段的時間狀語連用。常與常與for或或since引導(dǎo)的時間連用引導(dǎo)的時間連用so far, up to/till now, in the last/past+一段時間，一段時

12、間，all ones life, by now, these days, these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注注意：意：(1)since一段時間一段時間agofor時間時間段段; sinc

13、e two weeks ago=for two weeks; I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. (2)since + 時間點時間點for時間時間段段 since 2000=for years(3) since+從句從句(常常用一般過去時用一般過去時) The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris(4)It is /has been +一段時間一段時間 +

14、since 從句從句. 自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時間了自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時間了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 一、用一、用FOR和和SINCE填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinc

15、eforsincesince用用forfor和和sincesince填空填空1.They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2. I havent seen her _ a long time.3. He has been living here _ 2001.4. She has been doing her homework _ two hours.5. Its 5 years _ we left school.6. How long has Mary been a teacher? _ two years ago. since

16、forsinceforsinceSince 用用for 或或since填空。填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland_Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland_three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country_1974.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting_2

17、0 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill_a long time. He has been in hospital _October9. Its ten years _ we met each other last time. 10. He has taught English _ 25 years. 11. The Greens have lived on the farm _ 1990. 12. They have been practici

18、ng the guitar _ two hours. 13.How long have you been a reporter? _ 8 years ago. 14. I havent gone for a walk in the park _ a long time. 15. Hes been collecting stamps _ he was in primary school. 16. Peter has been to summer camp _ 3 times. 1 我自從上周三以來都沒有看過電視了。 2 教室這么臟，誰沒有掃？ 3 我自從98年來這兒，一直在二中教英語。 4 她自

19、從三歲開始一直在這兒住。 5在剛剛過去的半年里我已經(jīng)教了許多好朋友。 6你爸爸在那個工廠工作多久了？自從我們99年搬家來這兒。三、非延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時三、非延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep

20、等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。他入黨五年了。他入黨五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party電影開始五分鐘了。電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minu

21、tes since the film began第一類第一類：動詞：動詞 be + adj.die finish open/closefall ill/asleepmarry sb/get married to第二類第二類：動詞：動詞 be + 介詞介詞.start/beginleavejoin be deadbe away from be in/be a member ofbe open/closedbe onbe overbe ill/asleepbe married to第三類第三類：動詞：動詞 另一個動詞另一個動詞 buyborrowget/begin to延續(xù)性延續(xù)性v.become

22、put oneg.keephavebe延續(xù)性延續(xù)性v.wear His father died 2 years ago. The football match began at 9:00a.m. The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old. My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins hav

23、e been soldiers/ in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago. 巧記瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換巧記瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 “開始開始離離去去借借來來還還， 出生出生入入死死買買到到家，家，穿衣穿衣入睡入睡要要感冒感冒， 開開開開關(guān)關(guān)關(guān)關(guān)變變結(jié)束。結(jié)束?！? beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8

24、 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe here10 arrivebe here10 reachbe here11put onwear13catch a coldhave a cold14openbe open15closebe closed17end/finishbe over16becomebe12fall asleepbe asleep,結(jié)束性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at

25、 school / at home / on the farm / be here / be thereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .3) I went home yesterday. I home for .4)They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be outHe ca

26、me out two years ago.He _ for _.2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become beI became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for_.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be openThe shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2) The

27、door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up; die be dead; leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep; finish / end be over;marry be married;1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.

28、3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ;begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I

29、_ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep; lose not have ;buy have ;put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold; get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to know him

30、last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in t

31、he league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.注意點四：注意點四：have been in, have been to 與與have gone to 的用

32、法的用法1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多長時間）在某地（多長時間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳c，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust

33、, ever, never等連用，例如：等連用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城?，旣悘奈慈ミ^長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：They have been to that village several times.

34、 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。3、have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。約翰遜到倫敦去了。have /has been to和和have / has gone to 的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別 1 “ Ha

35、ve /has been to+地名地名 ”表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回到說話地點， 常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時間連用。2 “have / has gone to +地名地名 ”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回答，人不在說話地點。 巧記巧記： been to been to ，gone togone to 意不同，兩者用法要記清；意不同，兩者用法要記清； have been tohave been to + 地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行；地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行； have gone tohave gone to + 地點，到某地去了一走遠。地點，到某地去了一走遠。用have /ha

36、s been to和和have / has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.have been to haventhas gone to ,用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空.1) Where is Jack He _ his country.2) David _ the park

37、 just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village 5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ ying for years.6) _ you ever _ America - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim He _ the farm.9) When_ he _ He _ an hour ago.10) Would y

38、ou like to _ to the zoo with me -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year 14) _ they often _ skating in winter試一試，用所給詞的正確形式填空1 I （live）here since I was ten years old. 2 I （live）here in 1998.3 - you your breakfast？-Yes，I have

39、. -When you it？- 30 minutes ago.注意現(xiàn)在完成時的幾個特殊方面：（一）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別have livedlivedHave haddid have 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時間狀語連用；而一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)間狀語連用；而一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時間狀

40、語連用。一）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換eg：I have studied English for three years -I studied English three years ago -It is three years since I studied English注意點一：注意點一：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過

41、去?，F(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。間狀語連用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 試比較：試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）I have taught here for fifte

42、en years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我我“現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）用括號中所給的動詞的適當形式完成下列句子。用括號中所給的動詞的適當形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?

43、3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years.7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?8. What _ they _ (do) with the new

44、spaper? They have read them.9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.11. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year.12. The students _(study) in the middle school since last month.13. How long _ you _(know) him?14. Mike _ (make) quite

45、a few friends since he came to China.15. I _(give) my friend a nice book recently.16. Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see) the old man three times.17. _ she ever _(teach) you English?18. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.1.A：你收集貝殼有多長時間了？：你收集貝殼有多長時間了？ B:自從我上中學(xué)以來。自從我上中學(xué)以來。 A：How long _ you _ _ s

46、hells? B：_ I _ to middle school.2.我滑冰已有五個小時了。我滑冰已有五個小時了。 I _ _ _ _ 5 hours.3.A:這是你首次參加滑冰馬拉松嗎這是你首次參加滑冰馬拉松嗎?B:不不,去年我參加過。去年我參加過。 A: Was this your _ _ _? B: No，I _ in a _ last year.4.A:你什么時候得到第一雙溜冰鞋？你什么時候得到第一雙溜冰鞋？ B: 3年前。年前。 A: When did you _ your first _ _ _? B: Three years ago.5. A:他游泳有多長時間了？他游泳有多長時間了

47、？ B: 他已游了半小時了。他已游了半小時了。 A: How long _ he _ _ ? B: He _ _ _ _ half an hour.have been collectingSince wenthave been skating forfirst skating marathonskated marathonget pair of skateshas been swimminghas been swimming for6. 6. 你上網(wǎng)多久了你上網(wǎng)多久了? ?7. 7. 我上網(wǎng)三小時了。我上網(wǎng)三小時了。8. 8. 你什么時候開始集郵的？你什么時候開始集郵的？9. 9. 我五年前開

48、始集郵的。我五年前開始集郵的。10. 10. 他收集貝殼十年了。他收集貝殼十年了。How long have you been surfing the Internet?Ive been surfing the Internet for three hours.When did you start collecting stamps?I started collecting stamps five years ago.He has been collecting shells for ten years.11、他一直在這條街住了近、他一直在這條街住了近20年了。年了。12、我打掃房間已經(jīng)掃了、

49、我打掃房間已經(jīng)掃了3個小時了。個小時了。13、自從、自從4歲起我就一直學(xué)英語。歲起我就一直學(xué)英語。14、你六點起就一直在給他講電話？、你六點起就一直在給他講電話？15、雨下多久了？、雨下多久了？I have been cleaning the room for three hours.He has been living in the street for about 20 years.Ive been studying English since I was 4 years old.Have you been talking with him on the phone since 6:00

50、p.m.?How long has it been raining? 1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there 6. _ you _ (find) y

51、our watch yet 7. -Are you thirsty -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We - already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village 10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me 11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yeste

52、rday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) -have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao

53、 left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived

54、 ten minutes ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子) _ 1 His father died two years ago. His father _ _ _ for two years. 2. He has been in the army for three years. _ _ three years since he _ the army. 3. I began to study at this school five years ago. I _ _ at this school _ five years. 4. Have you ever visited Beijing?

55、 Have you ever _ _ _ ? 5. I am a teacher. I became a teacher five years ago. I _ _ _ _ for five years. I _ _ _ _ _ five years ago. 6. I bought the car five years ago. I _ _ the car for five years. 7. I have borrowed a new book from the school library. I _ _ a new book from the school library for two

56、 days. 8. The boy has come back. The boy _ _ _ for an hour. 9. The film has begun. The film _ _ _ _ five minutes. 10. The man in a hat has left. The man in a hat _ _ _ _ half an hour ago. 11. Both students havent finished their homework. _ _ _ finished their homework.動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：原

57、形+ed 如：worked, passed 詞尾是e時，直接加d 如：liked lived若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾 為“元音字母+y”時，直接加d；如: played stayed studied cried 末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個輔音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped 動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則動詞的過去式以及過去分詞巧記規(guī)律AAA: put put put letlet letABA: becomebecamebecomeABB: standstoodstoodABC: eat ateeatenAAAcost-cost

58、-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：動詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是ri:d-red-red。 有些動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeo

59、vercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型原型過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞例詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動詞含規(guī)則動詞)1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have (has)-had-had leave-le

60、ft-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動詞含規(guī)則動詞)ABC原型原型過去式過去式過去分過去分詞詞例詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-o

61、le-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)