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1、UNIT 3 GRAMMAR AND USAGENon-restrictive attributive clauseWho is he?The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt.who/thatThe man _ she speaks to is Brad Pitt. who/whom/that/Who is he?The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt.who/thatThe man _ she speaks to is Brad Pitt. who/whom/that/The man _ she speaks i
2、s Brad Pitt.to whomWho is she?Amy, _ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.whoAmy, _ figure is fine, still wants to lose some weight.whoseStep2 PresentationA. This is the place where I lived ten years ago.B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to
3、 China in 1999.A. Those who want to go sign their names here.B. This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago.想去的想去的那些那些人請在這里人請在這里簽名。這條子是約翰留的，他剛才來過這兒。Can you find differences between the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause and Restrictive Attributive Clause? 限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句從句和先行詞從句和先行詞關(guān)系關(guān)系密切，
4、密切，起限定作起限定作用用，如果去掉從，如果去掉從句，剩余部分意句，剩余部分意義不完整義不完整不密切，從句只是不密切，從句只是對先行詞對先行詞起補充說起補充說明作用明作用，如果去掉，如果去掉從句，意義仍然完從句，意義仍然完整整逗號逗號無無有有翻譯翻譯譯成前置定語譯成前置定語“的的”譯成并列的分句譯成并列的分句Differences名稱區(qū)別有時同一個限制性定語從句變?yōu)榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句會改變?nèi)涞囊馑肌?. I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位我有一位在醫(yī)院工作的在醫(yī)院工作的姐姐。姐姐。 ( (不只一位姐姐不只一位姐姐) )2. I have
5、a sister, who works in a hospital. 我有一位姐姐，我有一位姐姐，她在醫(yī)院工作她在醫(yī)院工作。( (只有一位姐姐只有一位姐姐) )His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.當先行詞是地名人名、世界上獨一無二當先行詞是地名人名、世界上獨一無二的事物或家庭唯一成員時，通常的事物或家庭唯一成員時，通常只用只用非非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句。Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.1.He failed in the final e
6、xam, which made his father very angry.2. She came back to China, which surprised me a lot.3. The result turned out to be good , which we hadnt expected._總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞可以用來修飾整個主句！總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞可以用來修飾整個主句！非限制性定語從句中通常使用下列關(guān)系代詞和副詞關(guān)系代詞：which / who / whom / whose / as 關(guān)系副詞：when / where非限制性定語從句中不用關(guān)系詞非限制性定語從句中不用關(guān)系詞 that,
7、why；非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞不能省略；非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞不能省略Practice1. The famous basketball star, _ isan American, came to China yesterday.2. In those days, she used to go to Mr.black, with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.whoFill in the blanks with proper relative words.whichwhom1.
8、There are many people participating inthe competition, all of whom are teenagers.2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets.3. China has hundreds of islands, thelargest of which is Taiwan.4. I have two books, both of which werebought in America._Conclusion在非限制性定語從句中，一些表達數(shù)量的數(shù)
9、詞或代詞如 all / some / one / both / neither / none / any / either 等可與of構(gòu)成介詞詞組修飾限制先行詞，此時先行詞在其后的定語從句中作介詞的賓語，關(guān)系代詞不可用that。如先行詞指人則用whom，如先行詞指物用which引導從句。1.There are a group of students in the hall, of whom two are from England.2. I have a lot of books on my bookshelf, of which some are written in English.3.
10、I am doing different types of exercises, of which two all are quite helpful to my health._Non-restrictive Attributive Clause There is a comma before Non-restrictive Attributive Clause. We cant use “that” in the Non-restrictiveAttributive Clause. In Non-restrictive Attributive Clause, we can use “whi
11、ch” to refer to the whole main clause. We can use all/ some/ most/ both/ part of + whom/ which to express a complete or partial quantity.非限制性定語從句考點歸納：Examples:1. As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history. 眾所周知，中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是個教師, 這點從她
12、的舉止可以清楚地看出。. as和which引導非限制性定語從句, 代 替整個主句。非限制性定語從句考點歸納：. as和which引導非限制性定語從句, 代 替整個主句。Examples:3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他錯過了演出，這真是很大的遺憾。4. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. 他請我吃飯，這使我很高興。Conclusion1.as和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，as和which可代替整個主句，相當于and this或and that。
13、這兩個關(guān)系代詞都可指代主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。Conclusion2. as和which引導非限制性定語從句的不同之處在于：as引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which引導的定語從句不可放在句首。as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若從句中的謂語為行為動詞，則從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。另外，as引導非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思,which常帶有“這，這個”的意思。Practice1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.whic
14、h3. _ is expected, the England team won the football match.As2. The weather turned out to be verygood, _ was more than we couldexpect. whichMultiple Choice1.Jane received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.A.it B. that C. whichD. he2. I like Nanjing, _ has many famous placesof interest.
15、A. whereB. whichC. whenD. in which 3. My mother often goes to gym, _ she works out to keep fit.A.whereB. whichC. whenD. that4. She has two daughters, _ is good at music.A.neither of themB. either of themC. neither of whomD. but either of whom5. I spent my holiday beside the sea, _ I playedwith the s
16、mall girl.A. in whichB. during which C. whichD. that6. This is a high mountain, _ the top is always covered by snow.A.whoseB. on whichC. of whichD. that7. The brave man, _ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.A.Of whomB. by that C. by whomD. by which8. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he co
17、uld see what it was going on inside the house.A.on whichB. at whichC. through whichD. in which9. There are two thousand students in our school,_ are girls.A.two-thirds in whichB. two-thirds in themC. two-thirds of themD. of whom two thirds10. I have bought two ball-pens, _ writes well.A.neither of t
18、hemB. none of themC. neither of whichD. none of whichComparison1. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that wereBDComparison2. He has two sons, _ are college studen
19、ts. He has two sons, and _ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of itBCComparison3. He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east. He still lives in the room, the window _ faces to the east. He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city. H
20、e still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of whichBCDAComparison4. _ we all know, China is rich in natural resources. _ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. _ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources. A. Which B. As C. It D. That
21、BCBComparison5. Is this museum _ he visited last month? The teacher tells us that _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one whoBD反意疑問句反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句+附加疑問句附加疑問句否否肯肯否否肯肯附加疑問句的構(gòu)成：助動詞助動詞Be 動詞動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞代詞代詞QUESTION TAGS CAN BE USED WHEN YOUask for agreement eg: y
22、ou still go to the gym every day, dont you ?ask for confirmation eg: you still go to the gym every day, dont you? He can not swim, _? He doesnt like sports,_? There is a radio on the table,_? They have to live early,_? They had a party last night,_? We need to go there, _? You neednt go there,_? Thi
23、s is very important, _? Everyone knows his job,_?can hedoes heisnt theredont theydidnt theydont weneed youisnt itdoesnt he/ dont they Post a letter for me, _? Dont do that again, _? Lets have a break, _? Let us go home now, _?祈使句祈使句肯定的祈使句后加上肯定的祈使句后加上will you/wouldt you構(gòu)成反意構(gòu)成反意疑問句疑問句否定的祈使句后加上否定的祈使句后加
24、上will you構(gòu)成反意疑問句構(gòu)成反意疑問句Let引導的祈使句有兩種情況：引導的祈使句有兩種情況：1)Lets.,后的反意疑問句用_?2)Let us ,后的反意疑問句用_?will youwill youwill youshall weshall wewill you He is hardly 14 years old, _? He has never seen the film, _? They seldom take exercise, _? They knew nothing about it, _?is hehas hedo theydid they當陳述部分有當陳述部分有hard
25、ly, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere,等否定代詞或否定副詞時，等否定代詞或否定副詞時，反意疑問句部分要用肯定形式。反意疑問句部分要用肯定形式。 He is unfit for the job, _? It is impossible for him twice, _? She dislikes apples, _?如果陳述句部分是帶有否定前綴或后綴時，反意疑問句部分仍如果陳述句部分是帶有否定前綴或后綴時，反意疑問句部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 isnt he isnt it d
26、oesnt she Something is wrong with my radio,_? This is a plane, _? Nothing could stop me from joining the summer camp, _? 陳述部分的主語是陳述部分的主語是everything, nothing, anything或或something及指示代詞及指示代詞this或或that 時，反意疑問句的主語應時，反意疑問句的主語應用代詞用代詞it。isnt itisnt itcould it陳述部分的主語是陳述部分的主語是 EVERYBODY, EVERYONE, ANYBODY, AN
27、YONE, SOMEBODY, SOMEONE, NOBODY, NO ONE, NONE, NEITHER 及指示代詞及指示代詞THESE或或THOSE時時,其其反意疑問句的主語需用復數(shù)代詞反意疑問句的主語需用復數(shù)代詞THEY Everyone is here, _? No one knows about it, _? These are grapes，_?arent theydo theyarent they I dont think he can finish the work, _? I dont believe he will come tomorrow, _? I guess th
28、ey havent heard about the plan,_? He thinks that you are honest, _? You expected that you could have a surprise,_?can he will hedoesnt hedidnt you如果陳述句部分是如果陳述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等等) + 賓語從句賓語從句”， 反意疑問句部分反意疑問句部分應與賓語從句的主謂保持一致，并要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。應與賓語從句的主謂保持一致，并要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如果主語是二，三人稱，疑問部分與主句
29、相對應構(gòu)成如果主語是二，三人稱，疑問部分與主句相對應構(gòu)成反意疑問句。反意疑問句。have theyIm late for the meeting,_? Im not doing well,_?當陳述句部分是當陳述句部分是I am時，時，反意疑問句部分通常要用反意疑問句部分通常要用arent I；如陳述句部分的主語是如陳述句部分的主語是I am not時，時，反意疑問句部分通常要用反意疑問句部分通常要用am I。arent Iam IHe must copy the new words twice, _?You mustnt stop here, _?You must be tired, _ ?
30、You must have read the story last term,_? You must have seen the film, _? didnt youhavent you?neednt youmust youarent you1. 若若must表示表示“必須必須”或或“有必要有必要”，疑問部分用疑問部分用 neednt 2. 是若陳述部分有是若陳述部分有mustnt表示表示禁止禁止，疑問部分要，疑問部分要must 3. 若若must表示推測，疑問部分不能用表示推測，疑問部分不能用must，而應根據(jù)，而應根據(jù)must后的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)采后的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)采 用相應的動詞形式：用相應的動詞形式
31、： 陳述句中謂語動詞是陳述句中謂語動詞是must + have + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞時，如果時，如果強調(diào)對過去情況的推測強調(diào)對過去情況的推測, 依據(jù)是依據(jù)是(句中有過去的時間狀語句中有過去的時間狀語)，反，反意疑問句根據(jù)動詞用意疑問句根據(jù)動詞用didnt / wasnt / werent +主語。主語。陳述句中謂語動詞是陳述句中謂語動詞是must + have + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞時，如果時，如果只強調(diào)動作的完成，反意疑問句用只強調(diào)動作的完成，反意疑問句用havent / hasnt +主語主語 He was a lazy child, and he didnt pas
32、s the exam, _? 并列句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。并列句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。 He is not the man who gave us a talk, _? He said he wanted to visit Japan,_? 主從復合句主從復合句, 疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定is hedidnt hedid he反意疑問句的回答1.- It is raining now, _? - _.2.- You dont think the Olympic Games are successful, _? - _.
33、isnt itNo, it isntdo youYes, I do如果事實是肯定的，就用如果事實是肯定的，就用yes，事，事實是否定的，就要用實是否定的，就要用no。1 He was among the first to arrive at the finish line,_ surprised us all.A where B which C what D that2 Beijing,_there are a lot of interesting places, is the capital of China.A which B that C where D what3 At last th
34、e time came,_ I achieved my goal.A what B that C which D whenPractice Practice 6 Huangshan ,_ has too many visitors every year, now has pollution problems. A that B which C where D as 5 The house, _ windows face south, was sold at a very high price. A which B that C whose D his 4 _ everyone knows, C
35、hina is a country with a long history. A As B Which C That D What7 I still remember the days _ I spent in Dalian.A when B that C as D what8 He hurt his leg when playing football. He is very lucky, _ he?A is B didnt C isnt D does 1,You are new here,_?2,Bob doesnt like thrillers,_?3,The park is really
36、 crowded,_?4,There wont be more pollution in ten years,_?5,You were born in Shanghai,_?6,You dont speak Chinese,_?7,Peter hasnt arrived yet,_?8,Mary speaks good Chinese,_?9,Hell be back tomorrow,_?10,John has grown a lot ,_?arent you does he isnt it will there werent you do you has he doesnt she wont he hasnt he
湖南省衡南縣第九中學高一英語《Unit3 Look good, feeling goodgrammar》課件 牛津版必修1
