初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法復(fù)習(xí) 動詞不定式

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1、更多精品資源： 動詞不定式精品課件 動詞不定式動詞不定式 動詞不定式的基本形式是動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動動詞原形詞原形“, 有時可以不帶有時可以不帶to.動詞不定動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 在句子中不在句子中不能作謂語。在句中可以作主語、表語、能作謂語。在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：to + do(動詞原形動詞原形)用法：用法：1. 用作賓語用作賓語 (v. + to do ) I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I

2、wish to go with you.更多精品資源： to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to dobegin to do start to do try to doforget to do remember to do like to doStop to do go on to do2. 用作賓語補足語：用作賓語補足語：(v. + sb. + to do )She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mothe

3、r taught him to read and write. want sb. to do wish sb. to do get sb. to do order sb. to do find sb. to be like sb. to do would like sb. to do help sb. to do作賓語補足語不帶作賓語補足語不帶to 的情況：的情況：Let me do it.I saw him cross the street.常見動詞有：常見動詞有：使役動詞使役動詞: let, make, have感官動詞感官動詞: see, watch, hear, feel, liste

4、n to比較：比較：I heard her singing in the next room.I heard her sing in the next room.3. 用作狀語用作狀語(adverbial)：He came to show me his new CD player. (目的目的)I went there to see my teacher. (目的目的)She came back to get her English book. (目的目的)The boy was too frightened to move. (結(jié)果結(jié)果)4.4.用作主語用作主語1. To be here a

5、t Christmas time is my dream.2. To go abroad is his dream. 3. To say is easy, to do is difficult.(這時可將其用形式主語這時可將其用形式主語it來替換來替換) It is my dream to be here at Christmas time. It is his dream to go abroad. It is easy to say, it is difficult to do.5. 用作表語用作表語His work is to feed the animals. Her job is t

6、o look after the patients.My wish is to be a scientist.Give me something to drink. I have two books to read. They have much food to eat. He asked for a room to live in. I dont have a pen to write with. The ice is hard enough to skate on. He bought a toy to play with.6. 用作定語用作定語 (這時不定式與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系。這時不定

7、式與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系。若是不及物動詞若是不及物動詞, 介詞不能省略介詞不能省略)7. 疑問詞疑問詞who, what, which, where, when, how 加加to do可構(gòu)成不定式短語可構(gòu)成不定式短語, 在句中可在句中可用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。When to start has not been decided. (主語主語)I dont know what to do. (賓語賓語)He can tell you where to get the book. (賓語補足語賓語補足語)The question is who(m)

8、to ask. (表語表語)比較比較(Compare)I dont know what to do.I dont know how to do it.I dont know what to do about it.非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 (動詞不定式和動詞動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式形式)中考考查重點講解中考考查重點講解e.g. 1. He has promised to behave better later. 2. The boy decided not to become a sailor. 3. I hope to go to college. promise, decide, hope

9、, agree, choose, fail, wish, learn+ to do sth.I.4. He agreed to help us.5. She chose to study chemistry. 6. He failed to persuade him. 7. Do you wish to eat alone?enjoy, finish, keep, mind suggest, cant helpe.g. 1. 他對聽音樂總是興致勃勃。他對聽音樂總是興致勃勃。 He always enjoys listening to music. 2. 我打掃完房間了我打掃完房間了 I hav

10、e finished cleaning the room. 3. 你不能像這樣老變主意。你不能像這樣老變主意。 You shouldnt keep changing your ideas like this. + doing sth.II.4. Would you mind _ with you?5. He suggested _ for a walk. 6. I couldnt help _. my cominggoing outcryinglove, hate, forget, remember stop, like, try, mean+to do sth.doing sth.1. Ma

11、ry loves _. 2. I hate to _. 3. 她忘記寄這封信了。她忘記寄這封信了。 She forgot _. reading / to readtrouble / troubling himto post the letterIII.更多精品資源： 我永遠忘不了初次寄信的情景。我永遠忘不了初次寄信的情景。 Ill never forget _ a letter for the first time.5. I remember _ her once. = I remember that I _ ( see )her once.6. Remember _ me. = I hope

12、 youll phone me.postingseeing sawto phone更多精品資源： stopped _. 他停止講話他停止講話 He stopped _. 他喜歡游泳。他喜歡游泳。He likes _. 我不想打擾你。我不想打擾你。I dont like _. 她試著寫作文。她試著寫作文。She tried _.to talk with metalkingswimmingto disturb youwriting a composition更多精品資源： tried _我本來打算今天給你這本書的我本來打算今天給你這本書的, 可是可是我忘了。我忘了。I meant _ today,

13、 but I forgot.這意味著浪費時間。這意味著浪費時間。This means _ much time.to get you on the phoneto give you this bookwasting IV. ask, tell, get, wish, want, teach, know, understand 1. I asked him _ here early. 2. Get him _ a doctor. 勸勸他去找醫(yī)生看看。他去找醫(yī)生看看。 3. Ive known him _ very fast. 我聽說他跑得比較快。我聽說他跑得比較快。4. What did you

14、understand him _?你認為他說的是什么意思呢？你認為他說的是什么意思呢？+ sb. to do sth.to cometo seeto runto saymake, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel , notice + sb. do sth.e.g. I cant make the horse go. 我無法使這匹馬走動。我無法使這匹馬走動。 I wont have (允許，容許允許，容許) you say such things. 我可不許你說這樣的話。我可不許你說這樣的話。 My mother wouldnt let me go to th

15、e film. 我媽媽不會讓我去看電影的。我媽媽不會讓我去看電影的。 Did you notice him leave the house? 你看到他離開房間了嗎？你看到他離開房間了嗎？ I often hear him sing the song. V.sb. + be done + to do sth. e.g He is often heard _ the song. They were made _ day and night.to singto work. be +happy, glad, pleased angry, sorry, luckyslow, quick, careful

16、 ready, nice + to do sth.e.g I am sorry to hear that. He is wrong to say so. I was very lucky to get a copy so cheap. “我這么便宜地買到一本我這么便宜地買到一本,真是幸運極真是幸運極了。了。 * quick to learn sth. * 學(xué)某事學(xué)得快學(xué)某事學(xué)得快Be careful not to fall off the ladder.當心別從梯子上掉下來。當心別從梯子上掉下來。He is ready to help . 愿意幫忙愿意幫忙. e.g. I found it v

17、ery important to learn English well. = I found that _ _ very important to learn English well. I feel it my duty to do so. = I feel that _ _ my duty to do so.think, make, find, feel+ it + adj. / n + to do sth. it wasit isIts + ( for + sb. ) + to do sth.Its +difficult, hard, easy,possible, impossiblei

18、mportant,+ (of + sb.) + to do sth.clever,wise, kind, good, right, nicewrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish careful, careless .e.g It is hard _ you to do it well. = For you to do it well is hard. It is kind _ you to help me. = You are kind to help me. forof Its clever _ him to say so. It is impos

19、sible _ you to finish it. It was wrong _ you to tell a lie. It was careless _ you to make so many mistakes in the exam. It is silly _ her to do such a thing. It is important _ you to learn English well. offorof of of fore.g. e.g They had no room to live _. The pen is very good to write _. The chair

20、is nice to sit _.what / where / when / how / why + to do sth. e.g. How to do it is still a question. Have you decided when to hold the party ? in withon. Exercises1. - Youve done very well this time. - Its really kind _.A. for you to say so B. for you saying soC. of you to say so D. of you saying so

21、2. It is better to lose ones life than _.A. if you lose your spiritB. losing his spiritC. to lose ones spiritD. your spirit getting lostCC3. I cant work in this way. - Why not _ it in some other way?A. try to doB. try doingC. trying to doD. trying doing4. Since you find it difficult _ a decision, yo

22、ud better a discussion( 討討論論) with your parents.A. reach; haveB. reaching; haveC. reach; havingD. to reach; haveBD5. My father hates(痛恨痛恨) _. He never allows me _.A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; smokingC. smoke; smokingD. smoking; to smoke6. The girl was beginning _.A. get angry B. to get angryC. g

23、etting angry D. angryDB7. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. where to chooseB. which to chooseC. what to choose D. to choose which8. The bag is too heavy for me _.A. to carry itB. not to carry itC. to carryD. not to carry9. The teacher will teach him _.A. to useB. use

24、 itC. how to use itD. usesBCC找出句子中的不定式找出句子中的不定式, 并說出作用：并說出作用：1. It takes you ten minutes to get there.2. I hope to see him soon.3. His wish is to become an artist.4. People eat to live, but not live to eat.狀語狀語表語表語賓語賓語主語主語5. I have a lot to tell you.6. Its not right to be always thinking of oneself.

25、7. We often see him play football.定語定語主語主語賓語補足語賓語補足語1. 跳舞非常有趣。跳舞非常有趣。2. 種些植物是非常有必要的。種些植物是非常有必要的。To dance is a lot of fun.It is a lot of fun to dance.To grow plants is very important.3. 說英語對我來說并不容易。說英語對我來說并不容易。4. 聽到你的聲音真高興。聽到你的聲音真高興。To hear your voice is so nice.It is so nice to hear your voice.To sp

26、eak English is not easy for me.1. 我的工作是每天打掃這間屋子。我的工作是每天打掃這間屋子。2. 最上策的計劃就是馬上離開這兒。最上策的計劃就是馬上離開這兒。3. 我的夢想就是成為一名科學(xué)家。我的夢想就是成為一名科學(xué)家。My work is to clean the room every day.The best plan is to leave at once.My dream is to be a scientist.1. 他想借用我的錄音機。他想借用我的錄音機。2. 他們開始讀和寫。他們開始讀和寫。3. 李琳喜歡玩什么？她喜歡踢足球。李琳喜歡玩什么？她喜歡

27、踢足球。4. 你長大了想做什么？你長大了想做什么？He wants to borrow my radio.They began to read and write.What sports does Li Lin like to play? She likes to play soccer.What do you want to be when you grow up?1. 我有許多書要看。我有許多書要看。2. 她有幾個問題要問。她有幾個問題要問。3. 他有一臺電視要修。他有一臺電視要修。4. 我沒什么可擔(dān)心的。我沒什么可擔(dān)心的。I have many books to read.She has

28、 a few questions to ask.He has a TV set to repair.I have nothing to worry about.5. 他是一個值得信賴的人。他是一個值得信賴的人。6. 愛迪生是第一個發(fā)明電燈的人。愛迪生是第一個發(fā)明電燈的人。7. 他那生病母親最多可活三個月。他那生病母親最多可活三個月。He is a man to believe in.Edison was the first man to invent the lights.His sick mother has three months to live at most.They looked

29、for him everywhere and found him _ under the tree.a. liesb. lyingc. layd. lain考點考點: see/hear/find/watch sb. do sth. (看見某人做了某事）看見某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watch sb. doing sth. (看見某人正在做某事看見某人正在做某事) b更多精品資源： saw him _ the supermarket just now.a. enteredb. enteringc. enter d. to enterThe girl who sold matche

30、s was found _ the next morning.a. die b. dying c. died d. deadcd-Do you remember _ me somewhere in Hangzhou?-Yes. I think thats 2 years ago.a. see b. seeing c. to see d. sawb更多精品資源： to do sth.forget/remember doing sth.stop/go on to do sthstop/go on doing sthThe scientist stopped _ to me though he wa

31、s busy.a. talking b. to talkc. to have talk d. having talkbThe more you think about it, the more questions you will think of _.a. ask b. asked c. asking d. to ask考點考點: to do 表示目的表示目的The doctor did what he could _ that child.a. save b. to save c. saved d. savingdb更多精品資源： have no pen _.a. writing b. writing withc. to write with d. writingto do 作定語作定語, 如是不及物動詞構(gòu)成不如是不及物動詞構(gòu)成不定式短語作定語定式短語作定語, 其后需接介詞其后需接介詞c