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1、◆ 課前輕松閱讀
Nowadays the newspaper possesses considerable value. Everybody should read it. It supplies us with a variety of news every day. It tells us the political situation of the world. If we form the habit of reading the newspaper, we shall (will) get enough knowledge to cope with our circumstanc
2、e.
Though students have to do the homework everyday, they should spare at least one or two hours to read newspaper. In this way, they can not only increase knowledge, but also keep up with the times. In a word, reading newspaper is of great benefit to students.
現(xiàn)今報紙擁有極大的價值，人人
3、都應該看它。它每天提供我們各種類類的消息。它告訴我們世界政治局勢。如果我們養(yǎng)成看報的習慣，我們就能得到足夠的知識來因應我們的環(huán)境。
學生雖然每天須做功課，但他們至少應該勻出一兩個小時來看報。哪些，他們不但能增加知識而且也能趕上時代。總而言之，看報對學生很有益處?！ ?
第 四 講——代 詞
◆考點分析
代詞是英語語法結構中的重要一環(huán),也是高考測試的重點內(nèi)容之一?？v觀歷年高考試題,出現(xiàn)頻率最高的是不定代詞,其次是it用法、疑問代詞、反身代詞以及人稱代詞等。本講義內(nèi)容結合高考試題,對不定代詞的易考點進行歸納,以幫助同學們更好地掌握這一語法現(xiàn)象。
一.概念:
代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按
4、其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關系代詞等。
二.相關知識點精講
1.人稱代詞
1)人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。
2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如：
I like table tennis. （作主語）
Do you know him?（作賓語）
3)人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：---Who is knocking at the door? ---It’s me.
4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：
5、He is older than me.
He is older than I am.
2. 物主代詞
1)表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
物主代詞，如下表所示。
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語）
-
6、-- Is this English-book yours? （作表語）
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語）
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。
1) this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil．
We are busy these
7、 days．
In those days the workers had a hard time
2)有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講 到的事物，例如：
I had a cold. That‘s why I didn’t come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．
3)有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替，例如：
Television sets made in Beiji
8、ng are just as good as those made in Shanghai．
4)this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
英語中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。
1)作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。
He called hims
9、elf a writer．
2)作表語。
It doesn‘t matter. I’ll be myself soon．
3)作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes．
enjoy oneself,
make oneself at home,
make oneself understood\heard
for oneself為自己，
of oneself自然地，自動地
by oneself獨自地，
I me my mine myself
we us
10、 our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourself
you you your yours yourselves
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
they them their theirs
11、 themselves
5．不定代詞：
(1)some與any：some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示請求并希望對方能給予肯定回答時，可用于疑問句中；any一般用于否定和疑問句中，但當any強調(diào)“任何”時，也可用于肯定句中。
同理，something，somebody，someone的用法同some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同any。
用法：
① some用于肯定句中,用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”。
I have some friends.
Smith went to some place in England. (定語)
②在期待
12、對方回答yes 時，some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中。
Would you like some bananas?（邀請）
Mum, could you give me some money?(請求)
③any用于疑問句和否定句 。
Is there any student in the classroom?
No ,there isn’t any student.
④ any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。
Any day is okay for me.
(2)one, both, all
one指人或物，“一個”，其復數(shù)為ones,
This is not
13、 the one I want.(表語)
both指人或指物，“兩者都” This maths problem
can be worked out in both ways.(定語)
注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定時，用neither。
Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。
Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師。
both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而應放在它們的前面。
如：Both my parents like this film.
All
14、“全部的”、“整個的”，可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三個或三個
以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢給了我。
All the schools are flooded.所有的學校都被淹了。
注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
Not all the ants go out for food.
All the ants don’t go out for food.并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。
None of the money is mine.這錢一分也不是我的。
(3
15、)many和much few, little; a few, a little
few和little表示沒有多少，含否定意義；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有幾個，含肯定意義。另外few、a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞；little、a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中常用作定語、主語和賓語。
(4)each和every
each（各個），指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，側重個體，在句中作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。every（每個），指三個或三個以上的人或物，側重整體，在句中只能作定語。
Every student it our class has a dictionar
16、y.(定語，強調(diào)班上“所有的人”)
Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定語，強調(diào)各個個體）
Each of them has been there.（主語）
The teacher gave each of the students a new
textbook.（賓語）
We each got a ticket.（同位語）
(5)either和neither
either是“兩者中任何一個”的意思，可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，neither是“兩者中沒有一個”的意思，可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，它們可在句在作主語
17、、賓語或定語。如：
Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(賓語)
Neither boy knows French.(定語)
(6)Other, others ,the other, the others 和 another
the other表示“兩者中的另一個”；
other 意思是“其他的”，不能單獨使用，后面必須接名詞, 表泛指；
others可指其他的人或東西，相當于other+名詞復數(shù)；the others特指其他某些人或物，相當于the other+名詞復數(shù)。
another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意
18、為“（三個或三個以上的）另一個”，不能指兩者中的另一
個，在句中可作賓語和定語。
He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.
Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow.
Some students are singing, others (other students) are dancing.
Please give me another book.
真題鏈接
① One of the sides of th
19、e board should be painted yellow, and ________.
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
【解析】 根據(jù)常識,板子有兩個面,不能用another;這是一個省略句,在the other和white之間省略了should be painted。選項A具有很大的干擾性,the other is white的意思是"另一面是白色的",而不是"漆成白色的"?！敬鸢浮緾
② I have done much of the
20、 work. Could you please finish ________ in two days?
A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others
【解析】 work是不可數(shù)名詞,不能用the others代替;the rest既可指代可數(shù)名詞,也可指代不可數(shù)名詞。
【答案】A
6．相互代詞：each other用于兩者或兩者以上；one another用于三者或三者以上，在現(xiàn)代英語中它們可通用。
7．疑問代詞：what指事或物，不強調(diào)范圍；who(whom，whose)指人；which既可指人也可指物，但強調(diào)范圍。
21、
8．關系代詞：what，who，whom，whose，which，that，as，
9.it的用法
（一）作人稱代詞
1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. （it代替前面They…town分句中的情況）
22、
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些習慣說法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.
---- Who are singin
23、g? ---- It is the children.
---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.
4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場合；one則用于同名異物的場合。
e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.
---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is
24、Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.
5、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個。
e.g. The climate of South China is mild（溫和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）
The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）
（二）作無人稱代詞
it作無人稱代詞時，除了句中找不到
25、它所代表的詞語外，另一個特點是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時間、距離、度量衡及情況等。
It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).
It is noon.
It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.
It is eighteen square metres in area.
What does it matter?
（三）作強調(diào)詞，構成強調(diào)結構
用以幫助改變句子結構，使句子的某一成分受到強調(diào)?！癐t is (was) + 所強調(diào)的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。”在這個句型中，it本身沒有詞義。注
26、意: 在強調(diào)結構中，如被強調(diào)部分為時間狀語或地點狀語，其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或where，而應用that 。在復習中，一定要注意句式的不同。
It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起強調(diào)句)
It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定從)
It was twelve oclock when we arrived there．(when引起時間狀語從句）
It was at twelve oclock that we arrived there.（that
27、引起強調(diào)句）
（四）引導詞it作形式主語（賓語）
為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語）it ，而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句子后面。通常引導詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。
e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It與to go there on foot之間夾有takes half an hour四個詞） We thought it strange that Mr. Smith did not come last night. （it與that從句中間夾有 strange）
但有時it與所替代部分之間并不
28、夾有其它詞。
e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因為介詞on之后一般不直接接that引導的賓語從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當作錯句）
(五) it，one，that 的區(qū)別：作為代詞，這三個詞的對比使用是高考的熱點之一。
1.---Why dont we take a little break?
---Didnt we just have __________?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
2.The Parkers bought a new hou
29、se but _____will
need a lot of work before they can move in．
A．they B．it C．one D．which
one 用以指代同類事物中的任一，that 特指性強,指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞，而it指代上文提過的同一
事物。
◆查漏補缺練一練
1.I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy__________.
A. one B. it C.
30、this D. that
【答案】B。
【解析】意思是：我喜歡這個前面有一個美麗花園的房子，但是我沒有足夠多的錢去把它買下來。第一句話中的this house表明在該語境中是特指的用法，所以答案為it，表示特指。該題容易誤選one，要注意的是one表示泛指。
【考點定位】it/that/one用法區(qū)別
2.－I’ve read another book this week.
－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A. this B. that C. th
31、ere D. it
【答案】 D
【解析】句中“ not how much you read but what you read” 足以做動詞count 的主語，所有選D 使之構成強調(diào)句型。
【考點定位】本題考查強調(diào)句型和名詞性從句。
3.Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ___extra stress.
A. it B. them C. one D. him
【答案
32、】C
【解析】本題較難，但根據(jù)句意“作一名家長并不是很容易，并且作為一名有著特殊需要的孩子家長，由于當這種特殊需要的孩子家長而帶來額外的壓力”。分清指代，it 指代上文being the parent of a child with special needs內(nèi)容，carry的賓語為extra stress,with it 表示原因，防止誤選C.，由此可知選A
【考點定位】考查代詞it用法。
4._______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous e
33、conomy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
【答案】D.
【解析】本題考查it作形式主語，代替that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy，而其他選項均不可以充當形式主語。
5.If I can help_______, I dont like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
【答
34、案】C
【解析】此題考查it的特殊用法。it可用于某些動詞之后，無確切的含義，構成習語。此處If I can help it意為“如果我有辦法的話”。有時我們也可以說成It can’t be helped或There is no help for it。表示“實在沒有辦法”。常見口語中帶it 的慣用語：（you’ve/I’ve）got it懂了，明白了;forget it算了吧，別提了，休想，不可能;Don’t mention it（別人道謝時回答）不客氣;Take it easy別急，慢慢來; “ make it +時間”把… 定在（某時）; It/all depends那要看情況而定
35、; It’s hard to say情況很難說; It comes to nothing沒什么結果。
6.Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed to and then posted it at the nearby post office．
A．it; her B．it; herself C．herself; her D．herself; herself
【答案】B
【解析】考查代詞。第一空不定代詞it指代前面的po
36、stcard；第二空to后的賓語應為反身代詞herself.
7.He didn’t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. .
A. this B. that C. it D. these
【答案】C
【解析】考查it作形式主語，it代替when and where the meeting would be held其他選項均不可以充當形式賓語。
◆高考真題鏈接
(2013全國大綱卷)34. Its an either-or situatio
37、n - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do .
A. others B. either C. another D. both
(2013福建)35. A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful ____if we do something to stop progress.
A. either B. nei
38、ther C. too D. also
(2013安徽)27. This project requires close teamwork . will be achieved unless we work well together.
A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
(2013江西)23. _______ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.
A. An
39、ybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Somebody
(2013遼寧)29. To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _____of her colleagues.
A. that B. one C. ones D. those
(2013山東)21. I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like ____ of them very much.
A. either B. an
40、y C. each D. another
(2013陜西)22. Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost of her enthusiasm for life.
A. some B. neither C. none D. all
(2013四川)2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _______ on the
41、 small ones.
A. one B. this C. that D. it
(2013天津)12. At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine.
A. them B. these C. those D. ones
(2013重慶)31. Recycling is one way to protect the envi
42、ronment; reusing is
A. another B. the other C. one another D. one
(2013浙江)11.Half of _____ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A these B some C ones D those
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高考英語總復習代詞
