《2018屆二輪語法專題復(fù)習(xí)《動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)》經(jīng)典教學(xué)課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2018屆二輪語法專題復(fù)習(xí)《動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)》經(jīng)典教學(xué)課件（50頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、 時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段的情況或狀態(tài)、客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理、按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作以及在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中表將來等。 一般過去時(shí)did表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)、前一會(huì)兒發(fā)生的事、過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中表過去將來等?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和發(fā)生的事、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中表將來、說話人的某種情緒、按計(jì)劃要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作等。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、按計(jì)劃過去某時(shí)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作等。 一般將來時(shí)will/sh
2、all do表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)、未來習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、提出請(qǐng)求、作出允諾、表示同意等。過去將來時(shí)would/ should do常用在賓語從句和間接引語中, 從過去觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)等。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果, 過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等; 常與already, so far, since等連用。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing表示過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止, 也可能還在進(jìn)行), 不少情況下表示與現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系, 有時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)等。過去完成時(shí)had done表
3、示在過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作；intend, mean, want等的過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 英語的語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者, 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。只有及物動(dòng)詞或含及物意義的短語動(dòng)詞才能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)常由助動(dòng)詞be加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。 1. 幾種形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(以動(dòng)詞give為例) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) am/is/are given 一般過去時(shí)態(tài) was/were given 一般將來時(shí)態(tài) shall/will be given 一般過去將來時(shí)態(tài) should/would be given 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) am/
4、is/are being given 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) was/were being given 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) has/have been given 過去完成時(shí)態(tài) had been given 將來完成時(shí)態(tài) shall/will have been given 過去將來完成時(shí)態(tài) should/would have been given 2. 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式 (1)雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 雙賓動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí), 一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語, 直接賓語不變。如將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語, 間接賓語之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。 (2)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 帶
5、復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí), 一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語, 而將賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動(dòng)(這時(shí)的賓語補(bǔ)足語為主語補(bǔ)足語)。 (3)“be過去分詞不定式”式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如: He is reported to have broken a world record.據(jù)報(bào)道他已經(jīng)打破了一項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄。She is said to know three languages.據(jù)說她懂三門語言。 (4)“itbe過去分詞從句”式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 如：Its said that she has some supernatural powers.據(jù)說她有一些超自然能力。Its reported that th
6、ey have discovered a new star.據(jù)報(bào)道他們已發(fā)現(xiàn)一顆新恒星。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：It is known that.眾所周知It is suggested that.有人建議It is believed that.人們相信 (5)“getdone”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)此種形式用來表示狀態(tài)或情況, ?？嫉男问饺缦拢篻et married 結(jié)婚；get engaged 訂婚；get hurt/wounded 受傷；get lost 迷路；get drunk 喝醉了；get caught/stuck/trapped 被困；get dressed 穿好衣服；get run over 被(
7、車)軋等。 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是歷年高考中一個(gè)非常重要的考點(diǎn)。近幾年高考試題命題常有以下三種情況：一、題干中用了標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語或某種句式 時(shí)間狀語代表動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段，不同類型的時(shí)間狀語分別對(duì)應(yīng)不同的時(shí)態(tài)。其次，注意一些常用句式中要用固定的時(shí)態(tài)。 【考例1】The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2012 大綱全國卷II)A. has told B. is tellingC. has been telling D. will have told【分析】選C。由時(shí)間狀語since 9 am判斷, 該句謂
8、語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí); 又根據(jù)語境可知設(shè)空處強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行, 故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【考例2】Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. (湖南2012)A. saw B. have seenC. will see D. are seeing 【分析】選C。本題用了“祈使句+ and + 陳述句”句式。在該句式中, 祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句, 陳述句相當(dāng)于主句, 所以and后面的陳述句要用一般將來時(shí), 故選C項(xiàng)。 【考例3】Walmart, which is o
9、ne of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (安徽2012)A. keeps B. keepC. have kept D. had kept【分析】選A。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)題干中的時(shí)間狀語on Mondays through Saturdays可知, 該句敘述的是現(xiàn)在的事實(shí), 所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí); 且因?yàn)橹髡ZWalmart是第三人稱單數(shù), 所以謂語動(dòng)詞用keeps。 【考例4】Can I call you b
10、ack at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five? (陜西2012)A. fly B. will flyC. will be flying D. am flying 【分析】選C。根據(jù)題干中的two oclock this afternoon以及by then可知, 設(shè)空處表示在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在做某事, 故選C項(xiàng)。 【考例5】They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house
11、 _. (四川2012)A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuiltC. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt【分析】選A。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語for the moment與are living可知, rebuild所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生; 且house與rebuild之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 二、題干所用時(shí)間狀語或特殊句式有較強(qiáng)迷惑性 雖然題干中用了某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語或某種特殊句式, 但這些線索不足以構(gòu)成判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的依據(jù)。這時(shí), 考生需要通過分析題意及其它邏輯關(guān)系, 并挖掘隱含的時(shí)間信息, 最后得出正確的選項(xiàng)。 【考例1】Mum, I was w
12、ondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on Friday. (遼寧2012)A. get paid B. got paidC. have paid D. had been paid【分析】選A。I was wondering if . 句式表示委婉語氣, 并不表示過去, 且根據(jù)on Friday可知，until從句的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生, 但時(shí)間狀語從句中需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來, 故選A項(xiàng)。 【考例2】The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some
13、 European business partners. (江蘇2012)A. would meet B. is meetingC. meets D. had met【分析】選D。題干中雖然用了句式sb. is said to have done sth.，但設(shè)空處并不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。從have arrived back可知，“回來”發(fā)生在過去，所以“會(huì)見”歐洲生意伙伴發(fā)生在“回來”之前，即過去的過去，因此設(shè)空處需用過去完成時(shí)。 三、題干不提供時(shí)間狀語，也非某種特殊句式 結(jié)合題干中其它動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)以及前后句語境判斷要用的時(shí)態(tài)?！究祭?】Did you ask Sophia for help?I
14、_ need to I managed perfectly well on my own. (2012大綱全國卷II)A. wouldnt B. dontC. didnt D. wont【分析】選C。由Did you ask和managed可知，答語中破折號(hào)前的謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；A項(xiàng)為過去將來時(shí)，不符合語境。 【考例2】The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. (山東2012)A. will leave B. are leavingC. have left D. were lea
15、ving【分析】選D。主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，且leave的進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表達(dá)按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故選D項(xiàng)。 【考例3】Look! Somebody _ the sofa.Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. (江西2012)A. is cleaning B. was cleaningC. has cleaned D. had cleaned 【分析】選C。根據(jù)Look!可知，設(shè)空處表示現(xiàn)在的情況，且根據(jù)I didnt do it可知，清掃沙發(fā)這件事已經(jīng)有人做了，故選C項(xiàng)。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法很多，除與各種時(shí)態(tài)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相結(jié)合考查外
16、，還有以下幾種?？键c(diǎn)： 一、一些特殊動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 有些及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如cost, fit, have, wash, belong to, come true, consist of, come into being, date back to, take place, turn out, run out, break out等。 【考例】Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _. We must act immediately before theres none left. (重慶2012)A. have run
17、 out B. are running outC. have been run out D. are being run out【分析】選B。run out意為“用完”, 不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài), 且根據(jù)第二句可推斷, 食物快用完了, 故用are running out表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 二、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1. 某些連系動(dòng)詞，如feel, sound, smell, look, taste, prove等。2. 某些可與well, easily等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read, write, sell, wash等。3. 某些可與cant, wont等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如move, lock
18、, open, shut等。 三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的某些主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1. 在“be +形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形容詞有：cheap, comfortable, difficult, hard, easy, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit等。 【考例】This machine is very easy _.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (遼寧2012)A. operati
19、ng B. to be operatingC. operated D. to operate D 2. 在have(有), find, lend, give等動(dòng)詞的賓語后跟不定式, 不定式表示的動(dòng)作與賓語之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 且句子的主語是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí), 不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?！究祭縄 have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (山東2010)A. completing B. to completeC. completed D. being completedB 3. 在be worth doing和be
20、to blame結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：The book you bought me is worth reading.Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.4. 當(dāng)want, need, require表示“需要”時(shí)，其賓語可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 1. When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I _ my mind. (2013新課標(biāo)全國卷I)A. have changed
21、B. changeC. had changed D. would change 2. We _ very early so we packed the night before. (2013新課標(biāo)全國卷II)A. leave B. had leftC. were leaving D. have left 3. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ for us! (四川2013)A. waits B. was waitingC. waited D. is waiting 4. Could I use your car tomorrow morning? Sure.
22、I _ a report at home. (江蘇2013)A. will be writing B. will have writtenC. have written D. have been writing 5. On Monday mornings it usually _ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (陜西2013)A. takes B. is takingC. took D. will take 6. The girl has a great interest i
23、n sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. (福建2013)A. took B. is takingC. takes D. has been taking 7. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _ it for a very long time. (遼寧2013)A. has had B. had hadC. has D. had 8. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fi
24、sh deserts. (湖南2013)A. does B. had been doneC. will do D. is done 9. So what is the procedure? All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority. (北京2013)A. interview B. are interviewingC. are interviewed D. are being interviewed 10. A Midsum m er Nights Dream _ at the Theatre Ro
25、yal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. (重慶2013)A. opens B. is openedC. will open D. will be opened 1. My brother is a successful businessman now, but he _ as an ordinary clerk in a small company for five years.A. worked B. is workingC. has worked D. had worked 2. Forget the terrible e
26、xperience, face the problem bravely, and you _ a new way to success.A. find B. will findC. found D. have found 3. The workers _ the road for two years, but nobody knows when they will finish it.A. had been building B. have builtC. have been building D. had built 4. When we reached the school gate, s
27、ome teachers and students _ there and then they showed us around the school.A. wait B. had waitedC. have waited D. were waiting 5. By the end of next month, we _ the eight chapters including all the language items.A. reviewed B. will reviewC. have reviewed D. will have reviewed 6. After the two chil
28、dren _ to bed at night, the tired mother has to wash clothes for the family.A. are sent B. were sentC. will be sent D. have been sent 7. The young man has been working in the foreign company since 2005, when the company _ in China.A. is founded B. foundedC. was founded D. has founded 8. The workers
29、were very tired because they _ for ten hours without a rest.A. worked B. have workedC. had worked D. had been working 9. Good morning! I want to know whether my computer I left here three days ago _ yet.A. repairs B. repairedC. was repaired D. has been repaired 10. All entertainment programs _ since the earthquake broke out.A. cancel B. cancelledC. have been cancelled D. had been cancelled
2018屆二輪語法專題復(fù)習(xí)《動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)》經(jīng)典教學(xué)課件
