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1、第31講簡單句,陳述句和疑問句,陳述句是用于陳述一個事實或表達說話人的看法的句子。陳述句主要分為肯定句和否定句。疑問句是指出問題,詢問事情的句子。疑問句可分為:一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。中考關(guān)于陳述句和疑問句的考點主要是: 1陳述句的否定形式; 2特殊疑問句中特殊疑詞的辨析與運用。,高頻考向一陳述句的肯定句式的五種基本句型 1“主語系動詞表語” I am honored.我很榮幸。 2“主語不及物動詞” The students work very hard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 3“主語及物動詞賓語” I teach English.我教英語。,4“主語及物動詞間接賓語直
2、接賓語”,間接賓語是人,直接賓語是物。能接雙賓語的動詞多數(shù)要在間接賓語前加to或for。 加to的動詞有g(shù)ive, send, pass, take, bring, show, lend, sell等。 She sent me a present. She sent a present to me.她寄給我一份禮物。 加for的動詞有buy, make, build, mend, cook等。 My father bought me a bike. My father bought a bike for me.我爸爸給我買了一輛自行車。 5“主語及物動詞賓語賓語補足語” The teacher
3、 asked the students to listen carefully in class.老師要求學(xué)生上課認真聽講。,高頻考向二陳述句的否定形式 1be動詞not The old man is not kind.那位老人不和藹。 2情態(tài)動詞/助動詞not動詞原形 I didnt get up at six oclock this morning. 今天早上六點我沒有起床。 3no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither...nor..., none等詞構(gòu)成否定句。 I can hardly believe his sto
4、ry.我?guī)缀醪幌嘈潘墓适隆?4think, believe, suppose等詞的否定前移的用法。 I dont think he will come.我認為他不會來。 5“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)本身具有否定含義。 She is too young to go to school.她太小,還不能去上學(xué)。,高頻考向三一般疑問句 1一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu) 一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:be主語其他;助動詞或情態(tài)動詞主語謂語(動詞原形)其他。對一般疑問句作肯定回答時,通常是:Yes,主語be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞;作否定回答時,通常是:No,主語be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞not。not一般要與前面的詞語構(gòu)成縮略形
5、式。,2一般疑問句中需注意的幾個問題: 情態(tài)動詞must提問時,否定回答用neednt或dont have to。如: Must I go now?我必須現(xiàn)在就去嗎? Yes,you must./No,you neednt.是的。/不,不必。 否定的一般疑問句往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語氣。注意yes和no在翻譯成中文時與其原意正好相反。如: Dont you hear of that?難道你沒聽說過這件事? Yes,I do./No,I dont.不,我聽說過。/是的,我沒有聽說過。,高頻考向四特殊疑問句 1由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫特殊疑問句。特殊疑問句不能用Yes或No回答,讀時用降調(diào)。特殊
6、疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞一般疑問句”構(gòu)成。常見疑問代詞有:who,whom,what(詞組),which,whose等;疑問副詞有:when,where,how(詞組),why等。 2常見的特殊疑問句 詢問時間: When did it start?它什么時候開始的? 詢問地點: Where do they come from?他們來自哪里? 詢問人或關(guān)系: Who called you?誰打電話給你? Whose pen is it?這是誰的鋼筆? Who/Whom are you going with?你打算跟誰一起去?,詢問原因: Why do you like pandas?你為什
7、么喜歡熊貓? 詢問天氣: How is the weather today?今天天氣怎么樣? What is the weather like today?今天天氣怎么樣? 詢問頻率: How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次電視? 詢問顏色: What color is your schoolbag?你的書包是什么顏色的?,詢問年齡: How old is the boy?這男孩多大了? 詢問距離: How far is it from your home to school?從你家到學(xué)校有多遠? 詢問數(shù)量: How many apples do we need?我們
8、需要多少蘋果? How much honey do we need?我們需要多少蜂蜜? 詢問價格: How much is the Tshirt?這件T恤衫多少錢?,高頻考向五選擇疑問句 提出兩種或兩種以上的情況,要求對方作出選擇回答的問句叫選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句中兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接,回答時不能用yes或no,要用一個完整的句子或其省略形式。語調(diào)一般是前升后降。選擇疑問句可以分為一般選擇疑問句和特殊疑問句兩種。 一般選擇疑問句:一般疑問句or被選擇的部分?如: Do you like apples or pears?你喜歡蘋果還是梨? I like pears.我喜歡梨。 特殊選擇
9、疑問句:特殊疑問句A or B?如: Which would you like better,tea or coffee?茶或咖啡,你更喜歡哪一種? Id like coffee.我喜歡咖啡。,祈使句和感嘆句,英語中祈使句是用來表示請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。用來表示說話人強烈的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情的句子,叫感嘆句。中考關(guān)于祈使句和感嘆句的考點有: 1感嘆句中對引導(dǎo)詞what和how的選擇; 2祈使句的特征;肯定句式以動詞原形開頭的辨析。,高頻考向一祈使句的基本用法 祈使句的主語you往往省略,謂語無時態(tài)變化,多用動詞原形,句子讀降調(diào)。 1肯定的祈使句 句型:動詞原形其他成分。如: Be
10、careful!小心! “Do祈使句”表示一種強烈的感情或請求,do起強調(diào)作用。如: Do remember it !千萬要記??! please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣,但please用在句末時,必須用逗號與其余部分隔開。如: Close the door,please.請關(guān)門。,2否定的祈使句 常用句型:Dont動詞原形其他成分。如: Dont be late for school again!別再遲到了! 以Never開頭:Never動詞原形其他成分。如: Never leave todays work for tomorrow!不要把今天的工作留到明天! 以No開頭:Nov.i
11、ng形式。如: No smoking!禁止吸煙! 3Let引導(dǎo)的祈使句 以Let開頭的句子也是祈使句,表示陳述和建議。其否定形式有兩種:Let...not或Dont...。如: Let us not be late.讓我們不要遲到。 Dont let the boy play football in the street.不要讓這個男孩在街上踢足球。,高頻考向二感嘆句的基本用法 感嘆句由what或how引導(dǎo),具體用法如下表:,如: What a kind girl (she is)!(她是)一個多么善良的姑娘??! What beautiful flowers (they are)!(它們是)多
12、么漂亮的花啊! What bad weather (it is)!(這是)多么糟糕的天氣??! How time flies!時光飛逝! How brave (the hero is)!(這位英雄)真勇敢! How clever (a boy he is)!(他)真聰明!,一、選用合適的詞完成下列疑問句。 what, who, which, whose, can when, where, why, how, do 1_________can we learn from the book? 2________you give me an example? 3______does your cous
13、in usually go to work on foot? He says its good for his health. 4_________did you achieve your dream? By working hard, of course. 5Do you know ________they got married? Last year.,What,Can,Why,How,when,6_________one do you prefer,coffee or tea? 7_______told you the good news? 8_______we need to disc
14、uss this question? Yes. 9_______idea is it? Its my fathers. 10_________do you plan to go this summer?,Which,Who,Do,Whose,Where,二、閱讀下列句子,填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~補全感嘆句。 11_________amazing picture! Who painted it? 12___________useful robot! It can help with the housework like a human servant. 13________ interesting the
15、book is! I want to buy one. 14______smart monkeys they are! So they are. Children love them very much. 15__________ sunny day it is! Yes, its good for hiking.,What an,What a,How,What,What a,三、根據(jù)句意用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空。 16Tommy, ______________(not play) basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a c
16、ar.(2016,廣東) 17 (try) to smile at your life when you are in trouble, and you will soon be happy again.(2016,黃石) 18Do you want to be healthy? ___________(smile). Smiling can help you stay healthy.(2016,綿陽) 19No _______________(smoke)! 20Dont let her ____________(disturb) me!,dont play,Try,Smile,smoking,disturb,