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1、2013高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法單選超級(jí)歸納
七、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能
所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?
主語(yǔ)
表語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)
狀語(yǔ)
V-ing形式
現(xiàn)在分詞
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△[來(lái)源:學(xué)|科Z|X|X|K]
動(dòng)名詞
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不定式(to do)
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過(guò)去分詞(done)
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注:現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過(guò)去分詞都可以作獨(dú)立成分
generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái);frankly speaking坦白地說(shuō);judging from/by...根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷;con
2、sidering.../taking...into consideration考慮到……;
to tell you the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話;seeing...考慮到……;supposing假設(shè),如果;providing如果;given考慮到,鑒于;provided that如果
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化
非謂語(yǔ)
形式
構(gòu)成
時(shí)態(tài)
語(yǔ)態(tài)
復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
否定式
主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
不定式
一般式
to do
to be done
for sb. to do sth.
或
of sb. to do sth.
在“to”前加not
或never
進(jìn)行式
to have d
3、one
to have been done
完成式
to be doing
/
完成
進(jìn)行式
to have been doing
/
動(dòng)名詞
一般式
doing
being done
sb.或sb’s doing
作主語(yǔ)要用
sb’s doing
在前加not
特別注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式:
sb’s not doing
sb’s not having done
完成式
having done
having been done
現(xiàn)在分詞
與動(dòng)名詞變化形式相同
在前加not
在解非謂語(yǔ)習(xí)題時(shí)同學(xué)們遇到最大的困難有兩個(gè):一是如何判別是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
4、詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;二是如何選用哪一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其恰當(dāng)?shù)男问健?
一、謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)的比較
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。漢語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用而動(dòng)詞不用作任何形式的變化。如:他明天來(lái)拜訪你。翻譯成英語(yǔ)不是He will come visit you,而是He will come to visit you.這里就用了不定式to visit。因此同學(xué)們要特別注意弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
例:Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.
A. to stand B. standing
5、 C. stood D. would stand
分析:stood是與sat并列的謂語(yǔ)。
非謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法功能的比較
做賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較
情況
常用動(dòng)詞
只接不定式
做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen
只接動(dòng)名詞
做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)
mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish,
6、 escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist
feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay
7、 attention to, stick to
兩者都可以
意義基本相同
begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作,接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)
need, want, require(主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)
意義相反
stop to do 停止手中所做的事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事
意義不同
remember/forget/regret to do(指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)
rememb
8、er/forget/regret doing(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)
go on to do(接著做另外一件事)
go on doing(接著做同一件事)
try to do(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力)
try doing(試試去做,看有何結(jié)果)
mean to do(打算做,企圖做)
mean doing (意思是,意味著)
can’t help (to) do(不能幫忙做)
can’t help doing(忍不住要做)
be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了
consider…to be認(rèn)為是
consider doing考慮做某事
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做
9、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
分 類
常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞
與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念
例 句
不定式
ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage
主謂關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成
I asked to be sent to the countryside.
I heard him call me several times.
have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make
現(xiàn)在分詞
notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, hav
10、e, feel
主謂關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,尚未完成
I found her listening to the radio.
過(guò)去分詞
動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)
We found the village greatly changed.
IV. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
分 類
區(qū) 別
例 句
不定式
與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,一般式表示將來(lái),進(jìn)行式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生
I have a lot of papers to type.
I have a lot of papers to be typed.
I haven’
11、t decided which hotel to stay at.(介詞at不能丟)
動(dòng)名詞
通常指被修飾詞的用途,無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系
Shall we go to the swimming pool?
現(xiàn)在分詞
與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
the boiling water / the boiled water
the developing country/the developed country
the falling leaves/the fallen leaves
過(guò)去分詞
與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成或只表示狀態(tài)
注意:the bridge to be built 將建造的橋, the bridge being built 正在建造的橋,the bridge built已經(jīng)建好的橋