2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)《完型填空之議論文》學(xué)案

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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)《完型填空之議論文》學(xué)案 專題導(dǎo)讀 議論文是高考完形填空題中較難的一種文體，它一般由三個(gè)要素組成：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。要做好議論文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的論點(diǎn)。不同的議論文論點(diǎn)的提出方式往往不同，大體有以下三種情況： 1. 開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文在文章的一開(kāi)始就提出論點(diǎn)，然后再通過(guò)具體的論據(jù)去說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)有時(shí)候既有正面的論據(jù)，也有反面的論據(jù)，最后總結(jié)全文。 2. 導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文會(huì)先通過(guò)敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象，然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問(wèn)題提出自己的論點(diǎn)，再用具體的論據(jù)去說(shuō)明自己的論點(diǎn)。 3. 最后提出論點(diǎn)。有

2、些議論文一開(kāi)始作者僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，而不表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是通過(guò)對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析，自然得出一種結(jié)論，這種結(jié)論往往就是作者的論點(diǎn)。對(duì)于純議論形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情況下，抓住每段的首句，即主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脈絡(luò)，理解文意就容易了。 真題典例 ［xx·福建卷］ Children find meanings in their old family tales. When Stephen Guyer‘s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grand

3、father, a banker, __1__ all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times __2__ his strong- minded grandfather was nearly __3__， he loaded his family into the car and __4__ them to see family members in Canada with a __5__ “There are more imp

4、ortant things in life than money.” The __6__ took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a __7__ house from a more expensive and fortable one. He was __8__ that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren't. __9__， their reac

5、tion echoed （共鳴） their great- grandfather's. What they __10__ was how warm the people were in the house and how __11__ of their heart was accessible. Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children __12__ hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon

6、reflects a growing __13__ in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in storytelling events and festivals. A university __14__ of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids' ability to __15__ parents' stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety. The __16__ is tel

7、ling the stories in a way children can __17__. We're not talking here about the kind of story that __18__， “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow.” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child's __19__， and make eye contact （接觸） to create “a

8、 personal experience”. We don't have to tell children __20__they should take from the story and what the moral is. （　　）1.A．issed B．lost C．forgot D．Ignored （　?。?.A．when B．while C．how D．Why （　?。?.A．friendless B．worthless C．penniless D．homeless （　　）4.A．fetched B．a(chǎn)llowed C．expected D．took （　　

9、）5.A．hope B．promise C．suggestion D．Belief （　?。?.A．tale B．a(chǎn)greement C．a(chǎn)rrangement D．Report （　?。?.A．large B．small C．new D．Grand （　　）8.A．surprised B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．disappointed D．worried （　　）9.A．Therefore B．Besides C．Instead D．Otherwise （　?。?0.A．talked about B.cared about

10、 C．wrote about D．heard about （　　）11.A．much B．many C．little D．Few （　?。?2.A．beyond B．over C．behind D．through （　　）13.A．a(chǎn)rgument B．skill C．interest D．Anxiety （　?。?4.A．study B．design C．mittee D．Staff （　　）15.A．provide B．retell C．support D．Refuse （　?。?6.A．trouble B．gift C．f

11、act D．trick （　?。?7.A．perform B．write C．hear D．Question （　?。?8.A．means B．ends C．begins D．Proves （　　）19.A．needs B．a(chǎn)ctivities C．judgments D．Habits （　?。?0.A．that B．what C．which D．whom 【要點(diǎn)綜述】 研究表明，給孩子們講述先輩們艱苦奮斗的故事不僅有助于他們渡過(guò)難關(guān)，也可以緩解他們的精神壓力——減消生氣和焦慮。 1．B　他給他們講述了他爺爺——一位銀行家，在20世紀(jì)30年代失去了

12、一切但沒(méi)有忘記他最重視的東西的故事。本句中but后面的lose sight of暗示本空應(yīng)填lost。 2．A　首先要弄清本句的主句是：he loaded his family into the car and…由此可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，再根據(jù)句意可知此處用表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。 3．C　根據(jù)上文________（lost） all in the 1930s可知本空答案應(yīng)為penniless（身無(wú)分文）。 4．D　爺爺用車把全家人帶到加拿大。take帶走；fetch去取；allow允許；expect期望。由題意可知，本題答案應(yīng)為D項(xiàng)。 5．D　空后的句子There are mo

13、re important things in life than money為設(shè)空處的同位語(yǔ)，而該句應(yīng)該是爺爺?shù)囊环N“信念”，不是“希望”、“諾言”和“建議”，故答案為D項(xiàng)。 6．A　根據(jù)首段最后一詞及第二段整段內(nèi)容可知本題答案為A。 7．B　本句改為：Mr. Guyer downsized from a more expensive and fortable one to a … house后可知答案為B項(xiàng)。Guyer先生原來(lái)住的房子價(jià)格不菲，而且住起來(lái)非常舒適，而現(xiàn)在卻住在一所小房子里。 8．D　由于生活條件變得很差，故Guyer先生擔(dān)心孩子們會(huì)感到不舒服。surprised感到奇怪

14、的；annoyed感到煩惱的；disappointed感到失望的；worried擔(dān)心的。 9．C　使他感到奇怪的是，他們并沒(méi)有感到不舒服。相反，他們的反應(yīng)與他們的曾祖父一樣。instead用來(lái)表示與前面提到的事情相反。 10．B　從下文可知，孩子們并沒(méi)有因生活條件變得糟糕而感到不舒服，他們關(guān)心的是這所房子里的一家人有多溫暖、他們的心有多貼近。care about關(guān)心，擔(dān)心；talk about談?wù)摚粀rite about寫關(guān)于……的內(nèi)容；hear about聽(tīng)說(shuō)。 11．A　根據(jù)句意可知，孩子們關(guān)心的是全家人心靈之間的貼近度（有多么貼近），much表程度，符合句意。 12．D　thro

15、ugh hard times意為“度過(guò)艱難時(shí)期”。 13．C　講故事的專家說(shuō)這種現(xiàn)象反映了（人們）對(duì)講故事越來(lái)越感興趣，這一點(diǎn)從不斷增加地對(duì)各種事件及節(jié)日故事的講述上得到了印證。interest興趣；argument爭(zhēng)辯；skill技巧，技能；anxiety焦慮，擔(dān)憂。 14．A　根據(jù)句意可知，此處指一項(xiàng)對(duì)65個(gè)家庭所做的研究。study研究；design設(shè)計(jì)；mittee委員會(huì)；staff全體職工，全體人員。故A項(xiàng)符合句意。 15．B　閱讀全文可知通過(guò)父母給孩子講故事再讓孩子復(fù)述這些故事這一過(guò)程，孩子們減少了生氣和焦慮。 16．D?。ㄖv故事的）技巧是用孩子們能夠傾聽(tīng)的方式來(lái)講（故事）

16、。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。 17．C　根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“傾聽(tīng)”，故B項(xiàng)不正確。perform履行，完成，演出；question詢問(wèn)，質(zhì)疑，均不符合句意，故選C。 18．C　that begins 意為“是那樣開(kāi)始的”。由后面敘述提示可知答案。 19．A　根據(jù)上句可知，所講的故事應(yīng)該符合孩子們的需要而不是“活動(dòng)（activities）”、“判斷（judgments）”或“習(xí)慣（habits）”。 20．B　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，且從句中動(dòng)詞take缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用what既作賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞又在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 新題預(yù)測(cè) Learning to save mo

17、ney when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons and habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone __1__. Many people—adults included—do not have a good __2__ of saving for the long run. I have been __3__ to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass cutting business

18、 since I was 10 years old.__4__ the money I made I spent about 10 percent and saved the other 90. Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to __5__ wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to __6__. Young p

19、eople should __7__ that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving. If you have a job at high school, you __8__ have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some __9__ it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that mone

20、y, __10__ lose the interest you could have earned by saving it. After high school, college is __11__， with expenses such as food and rent. If you can __12__ a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. If you are in your thirties withou

21、t any savings, you will always have to __13__. Later in life it can be hard to start saving__14__ general cost of living is more expensive and you may only haveenough to pay your __15__. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which __16__ saving. Many say mone

22、y cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a __17__ life. Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also __18__ you to spend time doing the things that you want to do. __19__， it will mean you can live the way you want t

23、o without __20__. （　?。?.A.needs B．likes C．a(chǎn)rranges D．Expects （　?。?.A.knowledge B．experience C．form D．Sense （　?。?.A.foolish B．fundamental C．lucky D．Grateful （　　）4.A. With B．Of C．In D．From （　?。?.A.divide up B．build up C．keep up D．make up （　?。?.A.break B．r

24、un C．make D．Grow （　?。?.A.recognize B．realize C．research D．Doubt （　?。?.A.must B．dare C．should D．may （　?。?.A.so that B．in case C．in that D．but for （　?。?0.A.but B．a(chǎn)nd C．a(chǎn)lso D．Or （　?。?1.A.expensive B．cheap C．boring D．Bitter （　?。?2.A.hold out B．hold up C．hold onto

25、 D．hold back （　?。?3.A.survive B．struggle C．tolerate D．Die （　?。?4.A.if B．a(chǎn)s long as C．while D．Since （　　）15.A.bills B．taxes C．a(chǎn)ttention D．Consequences （　?。?6.A.results from B．gets from C．es from D．escapes from （　　）17.A.happy B．simple C．miserable D．Secure （　?。?8.A.forbid B．a(chǎn)llow C．a(chǎn)dvise D．Request （　?。?9.A.In addition B．Above all C．On the contrary D．Believe it or not （　?。?0.A.consulting B．worrying C.resting D．thinking 【要點(diǎn)綜述】 年輕時(shí)就要學(xué)會(huì)省錢，這是重要的一課。所有好的習(xí)慣都開(kāi)始于青年時(shí)代……新時(shí)代的青年人如何花錢、省錢、存錢是值得我們思考的問(wèn)題。