高一英語必修3 名詞性從句 課件

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1、 名詞性從句一相 關(guān) 概 念 1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。 2.名詞的句法作用:名詞在句中主要作主語、賓 語、表語和同位語。另外還可以作定語、狀語。 3.名詞性從句: 在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中,本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語,由一個句子來充 當(dāng),這個句子就叫名詞性從句。 4.名詞性從句的種類: 根據(jù)名詞性從句在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞?名詞性從句可以分為主語從句、賓語從句、表 語從句和同位語從句。二主 語 從 句 1.主語從句的連接詞 1.連接詞: that, whether 1.That he will win i

2、s certain 2.It has been reported that sales of beef inChina will increase 3.Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided 4.Whether he ‘ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.2.連接代詞: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever 1.It is clear who is afrai

3、d of having a change in land ownership. 2.Whose bag it is can not be told. 3.What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer. 4.It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. 5.Whatever he said was right. 6.Whoever go there must get ready by 6 o’clock.3.連接副詞: when,

4、where, why, how, how many,how much, how long, how soon, how often 例:1.When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon 2.Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out 3.Why he came here is not known 4.How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed 5.How many people died from star

5、vation that year will never be known 6.How often he’ll go to see his grandmotherdepends on the time he can spare.2.注意點 1.主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前,謂 語在后 例: 正: When he will come is not known 誤: When will he come is not known. 2.連接詞that在從句中無實際意義,但不能省略 例: 正: That he will not come to the meeting this eve

6、ning is true 誤: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.3.whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句,但 if 不能. 4.whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主 語從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能. 5.為防止主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形 式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. It is well known/reported/thought/said/…that… It is clear/necessary/certai

7、n/tr/doubtful/…that… It is a pity/a shame/an honour/… that… It doesn’t matter whether…/It seems that…It happens that…it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比擬 it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比擬 It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子 結(jié)構(gòu),主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句 那么是對句子某一局部進行強調(diào),無論強調(diào)的是什么成 分 ,都可用連詞 that。被強調(diào)局部指人是也可用 who/whom。 例如: It is a pity that y

8、ou didn’t go to see the filmIt doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or notIt is in the morning that the murder took placeIt is John that broke the window.用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu) 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu) 1 It is + 名詞 + 從句 It is a fact that … 事實是… It is an honor that…非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that …是常識 2 It is +

9、形容詞 + 從句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… 3 It is + 不及物動詞 + 從句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… It appears that…似乎… 4 It + 過去分詞 + 從句 It is reported that… 據(jù)報道… It has been proved that… 已證實…It is said that…據(jù)說… 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況: 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況: (1)if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。

10、(2)It is said /reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。 例如: It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week√ That President Jiang will visit our school next weekis said × (3)It happens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。 例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination√ That he failed in the examina

11、tion occurred to him×主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況: 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況: (4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語 從句不可提前。例如: It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not√ Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter× (5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如: Is it likely that it will rain in the evening√ × Is that will ra

12、in in the evening likely? 三賓 語 從 句 1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞相同. 2.注意點 1.賓語從句一律用陳述句的語序. 2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that也無實際意義,多數(shù) 情況下可以省略. 3.whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句但: 1.當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時,不用if 例: I don’t know whether I will stay or not 2.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.賓 語 從 句 4

13、.that在賓語從句中的省略與保存 1.在主+謂+it形式賓語+賓補+that 從句真正賓語 的句型中不省略. 例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say2.由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo) 的賓語從句中,that 不省略. 例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.1. 作動詞的賓語 1 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that 通?？梢允÷? I heard that be joined the army2 由what, whether i

14、f 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,例如:She did not know what had happened I wonder whether you can change this note for me3 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如: She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介詞的賓語, Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容詞的賓語 I am afraid that I’ve made a mistake. 注意

15、:that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在以下形容詞后作賓語: anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。 也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。 4. it 可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語,還可以作為形式賓語而真 正的賓語that 從句那么放在句尾

16、,特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的 句子中。We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞 這 類 動 詞 有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語,但 不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 I admire their winning the match I admire that they wo

17、n the match6. 否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移假設(shè)主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語從句假設(shè)含 有否認(rèn)意義,一般要把否認(rèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上,從句 謂語用肯定式。 I don’t think this dress fits you well 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。四表 語 從 句 1.表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 根本上與主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同.連詞除了that,whether不用if外,還可以用because.在連系動詞 seem,look之后還可用as though as

18、 if 例: 1.That is how mice ruin many stores ofgrain every year2.The question was when the butcher was likely to come back from the town3.The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India4.That is what he told us5.It seems as if it is going to rain 2.注意點 1. 表語從句一律用陳述句的語序. 2.表語從句

19、的引導(dǎo)詞that無實際意義,但不能省略. 3.表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo). 4.不要使用 The reason … is because that … 句型, 應(yīng)使用 The reason… is that… 或 This / it /that/is because…等句型. 例如: 今天早上他遲到的原因是因為路上行人太多誤: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road正: The reason why he was

20、 late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.五同 位 語 從 句 1.同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: that 2.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別: 如果that作從句中的某一成分,那么是定語從句,如 果that不作從句中的任何成分,那么是同位語從句例: 1. I had no idea that it was so late. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu),

21、that 不作從句中的成分,同位語從句 2.I still remember the place that we visited last year.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),that作從句中的賓 語,定語從句 3.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句前面的名詞常見的有: idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof,message, order, conclusion, desire, theory,truth,word 等.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 1 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時以在從句中作 某個成分(主語或賓語),

22、而同位語從句中的that是連 詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。 2 定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先 行詞加以限定,描述定的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語從句是名 詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如: 1 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出 國。)(第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句,that在 從句中作賓語) 2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. (湯姆將出國的

23、消息是他講的。) (同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分) 名詞性從句幾乎每年高考都要考,在各種題目 中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),其中名詞性從句的連接詞的考查 是重中之重,考生如何正確理解句子的含義,選取 正確的連接詞,是把握好這一類題目的關(guān)鍵。 一、表語從句的考查 [考例1] 2003北京春季 --Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? A --Oh, that's_______ A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how

24、 I feel about it D. when I feel excited 解析:此題全句意為:“你還在考慮昨天的比賽 嗎?〞“哦,正是這件事使我沖動不已。〞關(guān)鍵詞語“still thinking about yesterday‘s game〞 決定必然用表語 從句what makes me feel excited ,表示比賽留下久久 不能忘懷的印象,現(xiàn)在還在thinking; B項是泛泛而指,當(dāng) 然不行;C和D項內(nèi)容與上下文問題無關(guān)。 [考例2] 2002上海春季 A Perseverance is a kind of quality ,and t

25、hat‘s_______ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 解析:此題考查表語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法。What 既引 導(dǎo)表語從句又在從句中作takes的賓語,構(gòu)成"It takes sth. to do sth."的句型。 二、賓語從句的考查 [考例3] 2003安徽春季 C Mr. Hall understands that_______ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the s

26、tudents. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 解析:該題考查連詞在賓語從句中的用法. 觀察題干MrHall understands是主句,其后有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,可 將該句簡化為: _______ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students.分析簡化后的句子可 知, maths has always been easy for him與it is not easy for the students之間含有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,其他

27、選項不合題干邏 輯。 [考例4]NMET2001 C A computer can only do____you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 解析::這是一個賓語從句,do后面缺少賓語,what 在句 中既引導(dǎo)賓語從句,又作do的賓語. 三、主語從句的考查 [考例5 ]2002上海春季 B _______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from

28、one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 解析:這是含有一個主語從句的句子。因為主語從句句意完整, 只缺一個引導(dǎo)詞,所以要選that。這句話的意思是"國與國之 間的時裝差異可以從一個方面反映出其文化的差異"。 四、同位語從句的考查 [考例6](2003上海) There is a new problem involved in the popularity of A private cars _______ road conditions need________. A. that; to be imp

29、roved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 解析:that引導(dǎo)從句作problem的同位語,解釋problem的 具體內(nèi)容.這句話的意思是"私人汽車的普及牽涉到一 個新的問題,即路況需要改良"。由于problem與同位 語從句被其大量的修飾成分隔開來,增加了試題的難度。 1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____. A.who is heB. who he is C. who is it D. who it i

30、s 2. Can you make sure ___ the gold rings A. where she had putB. where had she putC. where she has putD. where has she put 3. ___ she couldn’t understand was __ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons AWhat; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that4. Little Tommy was rel

31、uctant to tell theschoolmaster __ he had done the daybeforeA. that B. how C. where D. what 5. ___ you don’t like him is none of my businessAWhatB. Who CThat D. Whether6. What the doctors really doubt is ___ my mother will recover from the serious disease A. whenB. how C. whether D. why 7. __

32、is no possibility ___ Bob can win the first prize in the match A.There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether用關(guān)系詞填空 who 1.All of us wonder ____ cleaned the classroom. 2.The fact ____ he didn’t keep his promise made that me very angry. That 3. ____ he is right is certain.

33、 that 4.The truth is _____ he has come back. 5.He asked _ w _h _a _t_ was the matter. 6.I don’t know _______ or not the professor will whethergive us a lecture. 7. _H __ o_ w _ they went there that evening is not clear單項填空 C 1.The question is ____the film is worth seeing A. if B. what

34、 C. whether D. how A 2.One of the men held the view _____ the book said was right A .that what B. what that C .that D .whether D 3.They received orders _____ the work be done at once A .whichB. when C. / D .that 4.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge , AI can’t remember ___

35、___ A. where B. thereC. which D. thatA 5.Energy is _____ make things work A. what B. everything C. somethingD. anything 6.The reason __ C __ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bedA .why; whyB. why; becauseC. why ; that D. that; because A 7.He doesn’t think the question of _____ they are men or women is important A. whetherB if C. which D. why