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1、專題十一特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào),倒裝,主謂一致,省略及其他),詞匯復(fù)習(xí)11(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以f開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以f開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景】Whenthefashionartmasterdeliveredthespeech,hementionedthatyouhaveto(打,斗爭)againstthefollowing(因素)suchasself-doubt,(失敗),loneliness,misunderstandingandeventhreatonconditionthatyouwanttohaveaccesstoachievement.Furthermore,yo
2、ushouldget(熟悉)withanyflexiblechange,focusonthekeypointsandformagoodhabit.Onlyinthiswaycanapersonhavegoodfortune.,fight,factors,failure,familiar,譯文:當(dāng)那個(gè)時(shí)尚藝術(shù)大師發(fā)表演講時(shí),他提到:如果你想獲得成就,你必須和以下因素作斗爭,例如,不自信、失敗、孤獨(dú)、誤解,甚至是威脅。而且,你應(yīng)該熟悉任何靈活的變化,著重關(guān)注要點(diǎn),養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣。只有用這種方式一個(gè)人才可以得到好運(yùn)。,特殊句式很特別,每類都有規(guī)則尋;注意語境和邏輯,感情表達(dá)更充分。1.(2015重慶卷改
3、編)Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturyhismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.,答案,解析,2.(2015天津卷改編)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice(sherealize)thatshehadleftthecontractathome.,答案,解析,3.(2015江蘇卷改編)Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble(Iknow)theschedule.,答案,解析,4.(2015湖南卷改編)Itisimportanttorememberthatsucce
4、ss(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften(take)yearstoachieve.,答案,解析,5.(2015湖南卷改編)Always(keep)inmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.,答案,解析,一,二,三,四,五,一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成為:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他成分。一般來說,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),可用who或that;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時(shí),用that。如:ItwasJohnwho(that)worehisbestsuittothedanc
5、elastnight.是約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會(huì)。ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會(huì)的。,一,二,三,四,五,2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式為“Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分”;特殊疑問句形式為“Wh-疑問詞+is/wasit+that+其他成分”。Wasitinhighschoolthatyoubeganplayingbasketball?你是不是在高中的時(shí)候開始打籃球的?Wherewasitthatyouputyourmobilephoneaftercomingb
6、ack?你回來之后把手機(jī)放在什么地方了?3.not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語成分在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),not與until要放在一起。ItwasnotuntilheremovedhissunglassesthatIrecognizedhim.直到他把太陽鏡摘下來我才將其認(rèn)了出來。,一,二,三,四,五,溫馨提示注意:強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致:當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),其后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語一致,即人稱和數(shù)要一致。如:Itismymotherwhocookseveryday.每天煮飯的是我媽媽。Itishewhoiswrong.是他錯(cuò)了。,一,二,三,四,五,二、全部倒裝1.表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語,如
7、here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,onthewall,underthetree等置于句首,且主語是名詞時(shí),此時(shí)要用全部倒裝。Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.山頂有棵松樹。2.代詞such放在句首,且在句中做表語時(shí),此時(shí)要用全部倒裝。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.這些就是事實(shí);沒有人可以否認(rèn)。,一,二,三,四,五,3.為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使上下文銜接緊密,常將做表語的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語提到句首,引起全部倒裝。Seatedint
8、hefirstlinearesomeadvancedworkers.坐在第一排的是一些資深工人。注意:1.全部倒裝句中不用進(jìn)行時(shí),采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)。Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscominghere.車來了。2.當(dāng)句子的主語為人稱代詞時(shí),即使有表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語置于句首,句子也不再用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Outherushed.他沖了出去。,一,二,三,四,五,三、部分倒裝1.only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句做狀語且放在句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有用這種方法我們才能學(xué)好英語。Onlywhen
9、onelosesfriendshipdoesoneknowitsvalue.只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人失去友誼時(shí),他才知道友誼的價(jià)值。2.否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition,innoway等置于句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.以前我從未看過這么感人的電影。Bynome
10、answillIgiveupsearchingformylostdog.我絕不會(huì)放棄尋找我那只丟失的狗。,一,二,三,四,五,3.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),要將表語、狀語或謂語動(dòng)詞提到句首;though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),也可用正常語序。Tiredthough/ashewas,hekeptonrunning.=Thoughhewastired,hekeptonrunning.盡管他很累,但還是繼續(xù)跑著。4.倒裝句常見句型總結(jié),一,二,三,四,五,一,二,三,四,五,①Sofrightenedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.她如此害怕以至于一句話也說不出來
11、。②Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表揚(yáng)。③HardlyhadIenteredthelecturehallwhenIwassurroundedbythestudents.我剛一進(jìn)入報(bào)告廳就被同學(xué)們圍住了。,一,二,三,四,五,四、主謂一致主謂一致即謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致,主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致三種原則。做題時(shí)要注意語境中的時(shí)態(tài)及其他語法現(xiàn)象。(一)語法一致原則只要確定句子的主語是單數(shù)形式,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Electriccarsare
12、moreenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalcars.電動(dòng)汽車比普通汽車更環(huán)保。,一,二,三,四,五,1.主語后跟由with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas,inadditionto,including,ratherthan等構(gòu)成的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和這些詞匯前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。(因?yàn)閣ith等詞為介詞,其后跟的名詞只能是介詞賓語,不可能充當(dāng)主語。)Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.格林先生和他的孩子們每個(gè)周
13、日都去公園。ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.除那個(gè)男孩外,這些女孩也學(xué)會(huì)了說日語。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“every/each/no+單數(shù)名詞+and+every/each/no+單數(shù)名詞,morethanone+單數(shù)名詞,manya+單數(shù)名詞,one+單數(shù)名詞+andahalf”做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都正在做運(yùn)動(dòng)。Manyachildwasplayingthere.許多孩子正在那邊玩耍。Morethanonestudenthasf
14、ailedtheexam.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生考試失利了。Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.桌子上有一個(gè)半蘋果。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)意義一致原則1.當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時(shí),應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但是,當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)形容詞去修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)形式的主語時(shí),其實(shí)是指兩種不同的事物,主語則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。ThewriterandteacherSmithhasgonethroughmillionsofupsanddownssincehemovedtoSydney.那位既是作家又是教師的史密斯自從
15、搬到悉尼經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)的成敗。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.戰(zhàn)爭與和平在歷史上是一個(gè)永恒的主題。ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.中國絲綢和日本絲綢質(zhì)量都不錯(cuò)。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意思是“許多……”,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義;“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意思是“……的數(shù)目”,表示單數(shù)概念?！皌hepopulationof...”意思是“……的人口數(shù)量”,做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,但如果是分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)(halfof/therestofthepopulation)做主語時(shí),具體
16、指其中的多少人,表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞則常用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！皌heaverageof...”意思是“……的平均數(shù)量”,做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachersworkhard.我們學(xué)校學(xué)生很多并且很多教師工作很努力。Thepopulationofthecountryislargeandmostofthepopulationarefarmers.那個(gè)國家的人口很多,大部分人口是農(nóng)民。,一,二,三,四,五,3.當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞和名詞性從句做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Toseeistobel
17、ieve.眼見為實(shí)。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。Whathesaidisofgreathelptoourwork.他說的對(duì)我們的工作很有幫助。,一,二,三,四,五,(三)就近一致原則1.謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近的做主語的詞語保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有:or,not...but...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等。EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.要么是我要么是他們?yōu)?/p>
18、這件事的結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)。Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.不友善的話語和不友好的態(tài)度都沒給我?guī)砣魏尉趩省?.當(dāng)therebe句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí),謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌子上有一支鋼筆,一把小刀和幾本書。Therearetwentyboystudentsandtwenty-threegirlstudentsintheclass.班里有二十個(gè)男同學(xué)和二十三個(gè)女同學(xué)。,一,二,三,四,五,五、省略句及其他
19、(一)省略句1.not,so的替代性省略動(dòng)詞believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和I’mafraid后面可用替代詞so或not來避免重復(fù)前面提到的內(nèi)容。表示肯定意義時(shí),以上動(dòng)詞都可與so搭配;但表示否定意義時(shí),hope與guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot的形式,而think,believe,suppose等詞可有兩種形式,即:Ithinknot和Idon’tthinkso。如:—Dotheymindyousmokingthere?——你在那兒吸煙,他們介意嗎?—Idon’tthinkso/Ithinknot.—
20、—我想不會(huì)。,一,二,三,四,五,2.在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,after,before等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若謂語部分含有be動(dòng)詞,而主語又和主句主語相同或主語是it時(shí),從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞常被省略。If(itis)possible,IwanttotraveltoAustraliawithmyfamily.如果有可能,我想同家人一起去澳大利亞旅游。Youcan’tbecarefulenoughwhile(youare)crossingthestreet.過馬路時(shí)你怎么小心都不為過。Filmhasamu
21、chshorterhistory,especiallywhen(itis)comparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.電影制作藝術(shù)的歷史要短得多,尤其是同音樂、繪畫之類的藝術(shù)形式比較的時(shí)候。,一,二,三,四,五,3.不定式的省略①通常情況下,只留下不定式符號(hào)to,常用于beafraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等詞之后。HethoughtIhurthimintentionally,butIdidn’tmeanto.
22、他認(rèn)為我有意傷害他,可我并無此意。②如果不定式后有系動(dòng)詞be或助動(dòng)詞have時(shí),be和have不能省略。Idon’tthinkJimislazyinhisstudy,butheusedtobe.我認(rèn)為吉姆在學(xué)習(xí)上并不懶惰,可他過去是很懶惰的。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)祈使句祈使句的固定句式1.祈使句+and+簡單句表示“如果……就……”2.祈使句+or+簡單句表示“……否則……”Putitdown,orelseI’llsmackyou.把它放下來,不然我會(huì)揍你。DothatagainandI’llcallapoliceman.你再那樣做我就要叫警察了。注意:有時(shí)名詞短語可以看作是祈使句。Af
23、ewmoreminutesandIwillfinishthework.再給我?guī)追昼娢揖蜁?huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作。,一,二,三,四,五,(三)感嘆句感嘆句的固定句式1.Whata(n)+adj.+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事啊!Whatadayitis!多么快樂的(疲憊的/忙碌的……)一天啊!2.What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whatbeautifulbutterfliestheyare!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!3.How+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Howtallaboyheis!這個(gè)男孩真高啊!4.How+形容詞/副詞+主語
24、+謂語!Howwellsheplays!她演奏得多好啊!,一,二,三,四,五,(四)反意疑問句1.祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用willyou。Don’tdothatagain,willyou?注意:Let’s開頭的祈使句,后用“shallwe?”;Letus開頭的祈使句,后用“willyou?”。Let’sgoandlistentomusic,shallwe?咱們?nèi)ヂ犚魳?好嗎?Letuswaitforyouinthereadingroom,willyou?我們?cè)陂営[室等你,好嗎?,一,二,三,四,五,2.主句主語為第一人稱,謂語是think,believe,expect,suppose,i
25、magine等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。Idon’tthinkheisbright,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不太聰明,對(duì)嗎?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can’tshe?我們相信她能做得更好,不是嗎?,一,二,三,四,五,一、完成句子1.(make)whatyou’redoingtodayimportant,becauseyou’retradingadayofyourlifeforit.2.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolMrSmithgotangry?3.Givemeachance,I’llgiveyouawo
26、nderfulsurprise.4.—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,you?5.(foolish)whatthesixblindmensaidsounded!6.Idon’tthinkDavidcouldhavedonesuchastupidthinglastnight,?,Make,that,and,didn’t,Howfoolish,didhe,一,二,三,四,五,7.Hehadtosellhisluxurycar,hiscompanywasind
27、ebt.8.Onlyafteronehasbecomeaparent(realize)howgreathisparentsare.9.Nosooner(thestar/arrive)attheairportthanshewassurroundedbymanyreporters.10.Thedoorwasopenedandthere(ourEnglishteacher/enter).,for,willherealize,hadthestararrived,enteredourEnglishteacher,一,二,三,四,五,二、根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示,改寫下列句子1.Jackwasmyprofesso
28、r.Heencouragedmetogoonwithmyexperiment.(改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句)→,whowasmyprofessor,/encouragedmetogoonwithmyexperiment.2.Assoonastheprofessorarrivedatourschool,hewaswarmlywelcomed.(改為倒裝句)→/hadtheprofessorarrivedatourschool,/hewaswarmlywelcomed.3.Hewasdevotedtohisstudyandcaredlittleabouthisclothes.(改為省略句)→hisstudy,he
29、caredlittleabouthisclothes.,ItwasJack,that,who,Nosooner,Hardly,than,when,Devotedto,一,二,三,四,五,4.Ifyouarenotinvitedtospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.(用unless改為省略句)→tospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.5.Hedidn’tcomehereuntilyesterdayafternoon.(改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句)→yesterdayafternoonhecamehere.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)→yes
30、terdayafternoonhere.(倒裝句),Unlessinvited,Itwasnotuntil,that,Notuntil,didhecome,一,二,三,四,五,三、單句改錯(cuò)1.Infrontofourschoolisstandingatoweronwhosetopwecanhaveaclearviewofthelake.2.Knockingatthedoorbeforeyouentertheoffice,oryou’llbeconsideredimpolite.3.Whatdifferentlifetodayisfromwhatitwas20yearsago.,isstandi
31、ng→stands,Knocking→Knock,What→How,一,二,三,四,五,4.Itwastotallybychancewhentheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace.5.Generallyspeaking,whenistakenaccordingtothedirection,thedrughasfewsideeffects.,when→that,去掉is/在is前加it,一,二,三,四,五,四、語法填空Itisreportedthatmanymiddleschoolstudentsarejustnotgettingenoug
32、hsleep,especiallyduringtheschoolweek.Theproblemseemstoget1.(bad)astheygetolder.Year7studentssleep8.4hoursonaschoolnight,andYear9studentsonly6.9hours.It’salsoreportedthatnotgettingenoughsleepcancause2.(problem)inastudent’slife.Manystudentsfall3.(sleep)inschoolorwhiledoingtheirhomework,soitisnot4.(sur
33、prise)thattheygetlowergradesthanthosewhogetenoughsleep.Scientistssuggestninehoursanightformiddleschoolstudents.,worse,problems,asleep,surprising,一,二,三,四,五,Ofthestudentswhofeel5.(happy)andnervous,73%don’tgetenoughsleepatnight.Whyaren’tstudentsgettingenoughsleep?Manystudentshaveoneofthe6.(follow)thing
34、s,liketelephone,television,orcomputerintheirbedrooms.Usingthemonaschoolnightnot7.takestheirtimeawayfromhomework,butalsomakes8.difficultforthemtosleep.Asaresult,manystudentscan’tsleepbefore11p.m.,yettheymustgetupearly9.(go)toschool.Scientistsalsosuggeststudentsshouldnotdoexcitingactivitiesforanhour10
35、.bedtime.,unhappy,following,only,it,togo,before,一,二,三,四,五,五、短文改錯(cuò)IwentbacktoherhometownwithmyparentsduringtheNationalDayholidays.Wespentthreehoursonthetrainafterabustookustothesmallvillage.Mygrandparentsweresogladtoseeusbackhomethattheypreparealotofdeliciousfood.Wehadabigdinnerwithsomerelativeslivedn
36、earby.Later,mygrandfathershowedusaroundthevillage.Toourgreatsurprised,greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceduringthelastfewyears.Alotoftwo-storeyedhouseshavebeenbuiltbutyoungtreeshavebeenplanted.Theremotevillagehastakenacompletelynewlook.Itisclearlythatthelifeofcommonpeopleisgettingbetterandbetter,thatmadeusverypleased.,一,二,三,四,五,
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題十一 特殊句式（強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝主謂一致省略及其他）課件.ppt
