2020屆高中英語(yǔ) 5年高考3年模擬 專題05 介詞與介詞短語(yǔ)（浙江專版）

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1、2020屆英語(yǔ)科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版] 專題05 介詞與介詞短語(yǔ) 【備考策略】 一、介詞和介詞短語(yǔ) 介詞是一種虛詞，不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞(相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類短語(yǔ)或從句)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，才能在句中充當(dāng)某一個(gè)成分。介詞短語(yǔ)在句中可充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)及補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等成分。 How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden! Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? Wit

2、h a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly－elected president is having a hard time. 二、連詞 連詞是用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)、從句或句子的一種虛詞不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分。 按詞義及其句法作用，連詞可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有and, but, or, not only...but also, yet, either...or...等。常見(jiàn)的從屬連詞有when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless等。 I saw Bo

3、b play the piano at John's party and on that occasion he was simply brilliant. Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it. Please follow your supervisor's instructions, or you'll offend him. 一、介詞和介詞短語(yǔ) 在高考試題中對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在常見(jiàn)介詞搭

4、配中。如： 1．for為了；因?yàn)? I apologised to the teacher for my being late. For some reason, I refused his invitation. 2．without 沒(méi)有 He came in without his manager's permission. I wouldn't have finished the task without your help. 3．by 借助于某種手段 The old man earned his living by selling fruits. 4．over “

5、在正上方(但未接觸)；超過(guò)”，多表示年齡，距離或跨越一定的高度 You can't wear a blue jacket over that shirt. The plane can fly over the mountain. 5．beyond 超越(界限、范圍、限度)，可指時(shí)間或程度 It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen. 6．a(chǎn)cross 表示從空間表面上橫穿。through 表示從人體或物體的內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，也可指抽象意義上的通過(guò)。 He suddenly saw Mary across

6、the room. He pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her. 7．besides“除……之外”，其賓語(yǔ)包括在內(nèi)。 except“除了”，其賓語(yǔ)不包括在內(nèi)。 except for強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的細(xì)節(jié)，前后事物不屬于同類。 but常和except互換，強(qiáng)調(diào)不在其中。 but for“要不是”，往往用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的含蓄條件句中。 Besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday. The art

7、icle is very good except for some spelling mistakes. 二、連詞 對(duì)連詞的考查，近年高考主要集中在對(duì)從屬連詞和并列連詞的考查上。對(duì)從屬連詞的考查主要集中在對(duì)其在不同從 句中的不同用法的考查；對(duì)并列連詞的考查主要集中在對(duì)其 連接并列成分的用法以及特點(diǎn)上。 1．并列連詞 (1)and, or和but I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. —Would you like to come

8、to dinner tonight? —I'd like to, but I'm too busy. (2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. (3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”； both...and...“兩者都”；either...or...“不是……就是……” N

9、either you nor he is to blame. Either you or I am right. (4)not...but... 不是……而是…… They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a human being. (5)for 因?yàn)? He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意：for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個(gè)并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個(gè)分句中間。 (6)so, therefore因此 He hurt his leg, so he couldn'

10、t play in the game. 2.從屬連詞主要應(yīng)用在各種狀語(yǔ)從句中。 考點(diǎn)解析 直接考介詞的高考題也許并不象別的那樣語(yǔ)法題目多，但是介詞卻是考生最容易犯錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一。因此，通過(guò)高考題目對(duì)介詞的考查的具體分類分析，來(lái)了解一下介詞的句法功能和?？嫉娜菀谆煜慕樵~還是很有必要的。 一、對(duì)介詞句法功能的考查： 點(diǎn)撥：介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，可以在句子中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等；介詞有時(shí)在句子中活用為副詞，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。 【高考鏈接】The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings；______，it caused

11、 20 deaths. A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides 解析：答案D。句意：颶風(fēng)毀壞了很多的住房和商廈；另外，還造成20人死亡。besides這里用作副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，表“而且……，另外……，再說(shuō)……”。 【高考鏈接】I couldn't do my homework with all that noise _______.( A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 解析：答案為A。 with后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的“動(dòng)詞+V-ing形式 ”作賓補(bǔ)。

12、【高考鏈接】Banging （猛推）open her door into mine , the driver shouted back : “Make me!” ___ this she stepped out of the garage. A. For B. With C. From D. Upon 解析：答案為B。with this 隨著這句話語(yǔ)。她一邊說(shuō)，一邊走出了車(chē)庫(kù)。 【高考鏈接】I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______ , the walk will do me good. A. Soone

13、r or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides 解析：答案為D。在這里介詞besides 活用為副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，意思是“而且… …，另外… …，再說(shuō)… …”。句子的意思是：另外，步行對(duì)我對(duì)我有好處。 【高考鏈接】I wanted two seats _______ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets. A. of B. about C. to D. for 解析：答案為D。表示某個(gè)的電影座位（

14、票），英語(yǔ)用介詞for作定語(yǔ)。注意介詞of 表示所屬關(guān)系，意思是“ … …的”。電影與座位（票）之間構(gòu)不成所屬關(guān)系。 二、對(duì)常用介詞的辨析： 點(diǎn)撥：介詞用法多且復(fù)雜，相近的意思又可以有不同的介詞表示，介詞更著重與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他從句結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查，所以要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和交際條件靈活運(yùn)用介詞；同時(shí)對(duì)常用的介詞要重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行區(qū)別整理。 【高考鏈接】There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______.（ A. between B. through C. across D.

15、 beyond 解析：答案為B。get through 穿過(guò)，通過(guò)。門(mén)上站著許多人，這個(gè)小姑娘無(wú)法穿過(guò)。 【高考鏈接】He suddenly saw Sue _____ the room. He pushed his way ____ the crowd of people to get to her A. across, across B. over, through C. over, into D. across, through 解析：答案為D。across指在空間上從一端到另一端。Through 著重從物體中間穿過(guò)。 【高考鏈接】―When do we nee

16、d to pay the balance? ― September 30. (A. In B. By C. During D. Within 解析：答案B。“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到某時(shí)間為止，不遲于某時(shí)間”。 【高考鏈接】We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ______ chance. A. of B. in C. for D. by 解析：答案D。本題考查固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中介詞的用法。by chance = by accident 意為“偶然”。 三、對(duì)介詞短語(yǔ)搭配的考查： 介詞常和某些形容詞、動(dòng)詞和名

17、詞聯(lián)合運(yùn)用，形成固定搭配，表示各種不同的意思，只要記住這些固定搭配，準(zhǔn)確把握詞組的語(yǔ)義，這類題目應(yīng)該不是太難。 【高考鏈接】Fred, who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry _____ his mind. A. on B. in C. with D. at 解析：答案為A。本題主要考查mind 之前不同介詞的用法。be on one’s mind 和have something on one’s mind表示“（使某人）為某事?lián)鷳n”，如：My deputy has resig

18、ned , so I have got a lot o my mind just now.而bear/keep somebody/something in mind 表示“記住某人/事”。 【高考鏈接】The classroom is big enough ______, but we’ll have to move if we have more students. A．for the moment B．on the moment C．in a moment D．for a moment 解析：答案為A。for the moment暫時(shí)。根據(jù)we'll have to move if

19、we have more students可判斷出教室暫時(shí)可容納現(xiàn)有的學(xué)生。for a moment表示一段時(shí)間。 【高考鏈接】 He got to the station early, ______ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of 解析：答案為C。for fear of 為固定搭配，害怕。In case of 萬(wàn)一；instead of 代替；in search of 搜尋。 句子的意思為因?yàn)楹ε纶s不上火車(chē)，所以提前趕到車(chē)站。 【高考鏈接】The wint

20、er of 1990 was extremely bad. ____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives. A. At last B. In fact C. In a word D. As a result 解析：答案為B。in fact “實(shí)際上”，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明1990年天氣的寒冷。At last 最后；in a word 總而言之；as a result 結(jié)果是。 五年高考 A組 2020年全國(guó)高考題組 1.【2020浙江卷】6. all the animals I've ever

21、 had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word. A. From B. Of C. For D. With 【考點(diǎn)】介詞 【答案】B 【解析】 two dogs所屬與all animals，故用介詞of表示這種關(guān)系，如：many of us, 我們其中的許多人，故答案B符合語(yǔ)境。From從；for為了；with有，均不符合語(yǔ)境，故排除。 2.【2020湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern

22、 houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home A. out of question B. out of order C. out of sight D. out of place 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。難度中等。 【解析】句意為：這套家具款式新潮，色澤明麗，與新式房屋和花園配套，但看起來(lái)與傳統(tǒng)的房子和花園不相稱。D項(xiàng)意為“與……不相稱”，符合句意。A項(xiàng)意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”，B項(xiàng)意為“次序顛倒”，C項(xiàng)意為“看不見(jiàn)”，都與句意不符。 3.【2020江蘇卷】

23、29. — Thank God you're safe! —I stepped back, just to avoid the racing car. A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain 【考點(diǎn)】介詞短語(yǔ) 【答案】A 【解析】in time意為“及時(shí)”，in case意為“萬(wàn)一，假使”；in need意為“需要”；in vain意為“徒勞，無(wú)濟(jì)于事”。句意為：——謝天謝地，你是安全的！——我走回去，正好避免賽車(chē)。符合題意。 4.【2020遼寧卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place

24、 the main road at the far end of the lake. A. to B. for C. off D. out 【考點(diǎn)】介詞辨析 【答案】C 【解析】off 意思是“離開(kāi)...,隔著...”，表示與……隔著一定的距離。 5.【2020四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%. A. as well as B. so long as

25、 C. so much as D. as soon as 【答案與解析】 A 本題考查介詞as構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)用法區(qū)別。A意為“除…之外（還有）；和”；B意為“只要”；C意為“與…一樣多”（不用于肯定句）；D意為“一…就”。此題句意為：這個(gè)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，還能夠讓你在工作方面得到提升。根據(jù)句意選A。 6.【2020陜西卷】11．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it. A .

26、against B. for C .to D. with 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞。 【解析】所填介詞與系動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成固定句型，意思是：反對(duì)，選A。be for支持，贊成；be to到達(dá)；be with和……在一起，都與句意不符。 7.【2020陜西卷】11．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it. A . against B. for C .to D. with 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)

27、】考查介詞。 【解析】所填介詞與系動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成固定句型，意思是：反對(duì)，選A。be for支持，贊成；be to到達(dá)；be with和……在一起，都與句意不符。 8.【2020福建卷】26. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____all its citizens. A. in charge of B. for the purpose of C. in honor of D. for the benefit of 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞短語(yǔ) B組 2020年全國(guó)高考題組 1.【202

28、0浙江卷 5】I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______. A. on B. for C. by D. of 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞。 【解析】語(yǔ)義：我經(jīng)常想做我之前為之受過(guò)培訓(xùn)的工作，for表示目的，意為“為了…”，符 2.【2020四川卷 8】Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for

29、 C. of D. on 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞。 【解析】on 表示關(guān)于，some books on China意為“關(guān)于中國(guó)的一些書(shū)”。句意為：“Nick，你在去中國(guó)旅行之前最好讀一些關(guān)于中國(guó)的書(shū)?！惫蔬xD。 合題意。 3.【2020天津卷 11】He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects. A. below B. of C. on D. above 【

30、答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考察介詞。 【解析】句意為：他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生,大多數(shù)科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均數(shù)；below average低于平均數(shù)；on average平均起來(lái)，一般說(shuō)來(lái)。 4.【2020福建卷 22】____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished. A. Far from B. Apart from C．Instead of D．Regardless of 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查介

31、詞短語(yǔ)。 【解析】除了優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)外，這個(gè)飯店提供了不同種類的傳統(tǒng)的福建菜。apart from表“除……以外”，符合語(yǔ)意。far from“遠(yuǎn)離，遠(yuǎn)非”；instead of“代替，而不是”；regardless of“不管，不顧”。 5.【2020重慶卷 24】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library. A. in B. for C. by D. from 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞。 【解析】句意為“Shir

32、ley，一個(gè)讀書(shū)愛(ài)好者，經(jīng)常從圖書(shū)館帶些書(shū)回家去讀”。 6.【2020安徽卷】25. You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant _____ life. A. of B. on C. to D. For 【答案】D 【解析】選擇D是正確的，mean在此表示“預(yù)定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 這份禮物是給你的。 He was meant for [to be ]an electrician. 本來(lái)是準(zhǔn)備把他培養(yǎng)

33、成電工的。 7.【2020福建卷】The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. A. before B. until C. as D. since 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】考連詞的使用 【解析】根據(jù) “rung the bell” 和 “the door was opened “的發(fā)生先后, 可以得出答案。句子的含義是：女孩還沒(méi)來(lái)得及按門(mén)鈴, 門(mén)就突然打開(kāi)了。她的

34、朋友們一擁而上去歡迎她。 8.【2020上海卷】 our manage objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查連詞 【解析】此句意思是 “除非我們經(jīng)理反對(duì)tom加入俱樂(lè)部, 不然我們都應(yīng)接受他成為其中一員?！? 9.【2020北京卷】The wine industry in the area has dev

35、eloped in a special way, ____ little foreign ownership. A. by B. of C. with D. from 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查介詞。 【解析】句意為：這個(gè)地區(qū)的白酒業(yè)以一種特殊的方式在發(fā)展著, 具有很少的外國(guó)所有權(quán)。with具有, 帶有, 表伴隨。 10.【2020北京卷】Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with

36、___extra stress. A. it B. them C. one D. him 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查介詞。 【解析】本題較難, 根據(jù)句意, “作為一個(gè)父母并非總是一件容易的事, 而作為一個(gè)有特殊需求的孩子的父母來(lái)說(shuō)就需要有的額外的壓力。后一分句的正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)?being the parent of a child with special needs often carries extra stress with it. it特指being the parent of a child with special needs這件事?！?

37、11.【2020浙江卷】Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather. A. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。 【解析】C項(xiàng)except for為肯定整體、除去瘕疵, 后跟名詞。句意為：除了天氣之外, 一切都適合野餐。 12.【2020浙江卷】Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem . A. on purpose B

38、. in all C. on time D. after all 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。 【解析】A項(xiàng)為 “故意地”；B項(xiàng)為 “總共”；C項(xiàng)為 “按時(shí)”；D項(xiàng)為 “畢竟”。句意為：你為什么如此地焦急？畢竟不是你的問(wèn)題。 三年模擬 A組 2020年全國(guó)高考模擬題組 1.（浙江省余姚中學(xué)2020屆高三第一次質(zhì)檢 4）Water quality _____ the coast of the Bohai Bay has been becoming worse, due to huge waste carried by rivers into t

39、he sea. A. off B. on C. in D. at 2. (浙江省溫州中學(xué)2020屆高三上學(xué)期期末試題 5）Some officials were arrested and charged ________ neglecting their duties. A. with B. of C. for D. on 3. (浙江省溫州中學(xué)2020屆高三上學(xué)期期末試題 18)_____, I’m glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you

40、. A. In the way B. On the way C. By the way D. In a way 4.(浙江省臺(tái)州市2020屆高三期末質(zhì)量評(píng)估試題 11)A new book supermarket was opened right ________ that street, and Mary’s small book store began to suffer. A. by B. off C. across D. from 5. (浙江省四校2020屆高三聯(lián)考試題 11) I should apologize to you for

41、 failing to visit you last week, but I've been very busy_____ the past few months. A. since B. before C. among D. over 6.( 浙江省四校2020屆高三聯(lián)考試題 14)Most Chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts _______ quality, technology and service. A. in terms o

42、f B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 7. (浙江省紹興市2020屆高三上學(xué)期期末調(diào)測(cè) 7)To fully understand the poem, we must read not only between the lines, but sometimes the lines. A. beneath B. within C. among D. beyond 8.(浙江省任巖松中學(xué)2020屆高三期初五校聯(lián)考 4)China understands the situation

43、and needs of underdeveloped countries on the issue of climate change and urges developed countries to support them________ technology and finance. A. in spite of B. owing to C. regardless of D. in terms of 9.( 浙江省寧波四中2020屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試題 7) People with fair skins are more _______ of skin cancer

44、. A. at risk B. at coast C. in danger D. in trouble 10. (浙江省寧波四中2020屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試題 19) —I’m sure Harry will remember the meeting, but why not give him a ring just _______? —Sure, I will. A. in time B. in case C. in advance D. at first 11. (浙江省臨海市杜橋中學(xué)2020高三12月月考 1

45、4)______ our good cooperation over the past years, let’s meet each other half way. I’ll reduce our price by 5%. A. In case B. In view of C. In fear of D. In spite of 12.( 浙江省東陽(yáng)市南馬高中2020屆高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試 7)Cynthia is not ashamed of what she does, ______ she ends up doing something wrong

46、. A. as though B. in case C. even if D. for fear B組 2020年全國(guó)高考模擬題組 1．(寧波市效實(shí)中學(xué)2020學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期期中考試 6) their arrival in Australia, Sir Joseph Banks and his team were amazed the exotic plants and set out to record and collect them instantly． A．On；at B．At；by C．Wi

47、th．；about D．Upon；for 2.（浙江省富陽(yáng)場(chǎng)口中學(xué)2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期聯(lián)誼學(xué)校期中考試）Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th ____________ the birth of Jesus Christ. A. in charge of B. in terms of C. in favor of D. in honor of 3.（ 浙江省紹興一中 2020屆高三英語(yǔ)期中理科試題 26） — Do you like Nack? — Yes, Nack is

48、 good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; _________, I can’t speak too highly of him. A. as a result B. in short C. by the way D. on the contrary 4.（2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期溫州十校聯(lián)合體高三期中聯(lián)考 4）Being exposed for a long time ______ strong sunlight might seriously damage your skin. A. to B. under

49、 C. in D. over 5.（2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期溫州十校聯(lián)合體高三期中聯(lián)考 16） Nowadays, many people walk to work______ Copenhagen Conference calling for living a low—carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming. A. in relation to B. in response to C. in addition to

50、 D. in opposition to 6.（金華一中2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試 4）The home improvements have taken what little there is ______ my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at 7.（ 浙江省長(zhǎng)興三中2020屆高三第一次月考 23）The little boy got punished what he had done . A. because

51、 B. because of C. since D. as 8.（ 浙江省長(zhǎng)興三中2020屆高三第一次月考 40）浙江省長(zhǎng)興三中2020屆高三第一次月考He came here to discuss it with you. A. on purpose B. by chance C. for purpose D. on design 9.（浙江省杭州高級(jí)中學(xué)2020屆高三上學(xué)期第一次月考 20）To a small and faraway town like this, a car accident is always considered ______ interest, so people soon gathered around. A. as B. of C. by D. in 10.（浙江省瑞安中學(xué)2020屆高三暑期總結(jié)性測(cè)試 19）It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach. A. near B. upon C. within D. around