2020高考英語備考易錯點睛系列 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣（教師版）

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1、2020;2020高考英語備考易錯點睛系列 7情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣（教師版） 考前必讀 高考研究英語中常用的情態(tài)動詞主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在學習情態(tài)動詞時應注意以下幾點：同一情態(tài)動詞表示不同的意義的情況；情態(tài)動詞后跟各種形式的用法；特別是注意“情態(tài)動詞+完成式”是高考中的重點所在。高考中的虛擬語氣一般與情態(tài)動詞結合進行考查。每年高考試題中都會出現(xiàn)一定的題目。 易錯點睛 易錯點1 混淆“情態(tài)動詞+have done”各種句式的不

2、同含義 【易錯題1】He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ????????it differently. A. could express??????????????????????? B. would express C. could have expressed???????????????? D. must have expressed 【易錯題2】—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. —You it in t

3、he wrong place. A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put 【解析】考生容易誤選A項，原因是受漢語表達習慣的影響，認為“你一定是把它放錯地方了”。根據(jù)前面的語境可判斷出，本題考查情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。所以要用“might have done”?！皊hould havedone"表示“(過去)本來應該做某事”。must意為“一定”，是肯定的推測，與所提供的情景矛盾。might put表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事。 【答案】D 【錯因透視】may／might hav

4、e done表示“過去可能做了(某事)”。如：一where is my pen?我的鋼筆哪里去了?一You might have put it in your pocket．你可能把它放到你的口袋里了。 【易錯題3】Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't' show up. A. should have arrived 　　 B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 【易錯題4】—She looks very happy.

5、She ______ have passed the exam. —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 【錯因透視】‘‘must+have+過去分詞”表示對過去情況的推測，表示“(過去)一定、必定做了某事”。must接動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在情況的猜測。如：Tom must have finished his homework yesterday because he went camping with his parents．湯姆昨天一

6、定是完成作業(yè)了，因為他和父母去野營了。 【易錯題5】-Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. -Thanks. You______it. I could manage it myself.　 A．needn't do B．needn't have done C．mustn't do D．shouldn't have done 【解析】考生容易誤選D項，認為是“你本來不應該做那件事情”。句子意思是：“凱瑟琳，我已經(jīng)給你打掃了房間。”“謝謝。你本來沒有必要打掃的，我自己能夠對付?！眓eedn’t have done

7、表示“過去本來沒有必要做而做了”；shouldn’t have done表示“過去本來不應該做而做了”。 【答案】B 【錯因透視】needn’t have done表示“本來沒必要做而做了”，是對過去情況的虛擬。如：You needn’thave told him that．你本沒必要告訴他那件事。 易錯點2對情態(tài)動詞的基本用法掌握不熟練 【易錯題l】— It’s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 【易

8、錯題2】Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _______ just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would 【解析】考生容易誤選C項，認為是“一定是”，實際上這里表示可能性。句子意思是：有些不愿多講話的人并不是真的害羞；他們可能只是一些喜歡安靜的人。 【答案】B 【錯因透視】may／might接動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測，意思是“可能”。如：She thought itmight

9、be wise to try her luck here．她認為在這兒碰碰運氣也許不錯。 【易錯題3】一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person ______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．” A．will B．may C．shall D. must 【解析】考生容易誤選A項，認為是will在這里表示將來或意愿。shall在本句中用于第三人稱，表示警告和禁止，因此答語的意思是：任何人都不準在這個區(qū)域吸煙、

10、或攜帶點著的香煙、雪茄或煙斗。will表示現(xiàn)在的意志、愿望等，意為“要，希望”；may表示許可，或用于請求許可，意為“可，可以”；must意為“必須，要，應當”。 【答案】C 【錯因透視】shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句，表示征求對方意見。此外它也可以用來表示說話人的命令、警告、允諾、威脅或決心等，這時它用于第二、三人稱的肯定句。如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?(征求意見)You shall go to the front at once．(命令)Don’t worry．You shall get theanswer

11、this very afternoon．(允諾)He shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告)Nothing shall stop us fromfighting against pollution．(決心) 易錯點3 對虛擬語氣在條件句中應用的基本用法了解不夠 【易錯題1】This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. sho

12、uld C. could D. might 【易錯題2】But for their help, we _______ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished 【解析】考生容易誤選C項，原因是沒有注意到but for their help這一含蓄條件。由語境可知，這里‘表示與過去的事實相反，所以主句應該用would／could／might／sho

13、uld+have done結構。 【答案】D 【錯因透視】含蓄條件句的用法： 【易錯題3】It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 【錯因透視】錯綜條件句就是虛擬條件主句和從句的動作發(fā)生的時

14、間不一致，因此，主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選擇適當?shù)膭釉~形式。如：If 1 were you，1 would not have missed thefilm last night．如果我是你，我就不會錯過昨晚的電影了。If they had started in the early morning，theywould arrive in half an hour．如果他們清早就出發(fā)，那么再有半個小時就到了。 易錯點4 忽視名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法 【易錯題】The doctor recommended that you swim after eating

15、a large meal. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【解析】考生容易誤選B項，原因是不知道recommend的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣。 【答案】D 【錯因透視】虛擬語氣經(jīng)常用于表示意愿、建議、命令、提議、請求等動詞后的that賓語從句中，這類動詞有：advise建議，command命令，demand要求，desire渴望，insist堅持，intend打算，propose提議，order命令，require需要，request要求，recommend勸告。這些動詞的賓語從句中用sh

16、ould+動詞原形表示虛擬語氣，should可以省略。如：I suggest that we(should)set off at once．我建議我們應該立刻出發(fā)。 【易錯題2】How I wish every family ___ a large house with a beautiful garden!（上海春招) A．has B．had C．will have D．had had 【易錯題3】It is important that we ． A．shall close the window before we leave B．will cl

17、ose the window before we 1eave C．must close the window before we leave D．close the window before we 1eave 【解析】考生容易誤選C項，原因是沒有掌握主語從句中用虛擬語氣的用法。It is important(necessary，strange)that主語從句中，謂語用should+動詞原形表示虛擬語氣，should可以省略。 【答案】D 【錯因透視】虛擬語氣用于It is+形容詞／名詞／過去分詞+主語從句的句式中，主語從句中用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。這類形

18、容詞或分詞有：determined決定的，commanded命令的，arranged安排的，anxious焦急的，important重要的，desired想要，asked請求，natural自然的，insisted堅持，necessary必要的，suggested建議，ordered命令，proposed提議，requested要求的，required要求的，recommended推薦，possible可能的，a pity可惜的是，等。如：It is necessary that he(should)besent there at once．有必要立刻派他去那里。It is suggested

19、 that the meeting(should)be Dut off till nextweek．有人建議會議推遲到下星期。 跟蹤練習 1.（2020;2020年西安市高三年級第一次質量檢測試題英語）I was busy the other day, otherwise I ______ to help you. A．would have come B．would come C．had come D．came 2.（2020;2020年西安市高三年級第一次質量檢測試題英語）If you ______ smoke, you could at least go to the sm

20、oking area. A．can B．must C．will D．shall 【答案】B 【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：如果你非要抽煙，起碼可以去吸煙區(qū)抽。此處 must 表示“硬要；非要；偏要”。 3.（2020;2020年鄭州市高中畢業(yè)年級第一次質量預測英語）—Could I watch TV for 10 more minutes, Mum? —Oh, dear, if you ______. A．can B．must C．may D．should 4.（2020;2020年長春市高中畢業(yè)班第一次調研測試英語）Just as Jane is doing her home

21、work, ______ you bother her with playing the piano now? A．may B．can C．must D．shall 【答案】C 【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：Jane 正在寫作業(yè)，你偏要現(xiàn)在彈鋼琴打擾她嗎？這里 must 表示“偏要，非得”，其他選項都無此用法，故選C項。 5.（北京市東城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三第一學期期末教學統(tǒng)一檢測英語）The driver ______ have drunk a lot before the accident, but I am not quite sure of that. A．might

22、 B．must C．should D．would 【答案】A 【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞。從后半句 “but I am not quite sure of that” 可知空處是對過去發(fā)生事情的不肯定推測，因此選A． 6.（北京市西城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三上學期期末考試英語）—Why are you in such a hurry? —Don’t you remember that we ______ be home by 8 p. m. to see our favorite TV show? A．can B．would C．must D．may 7.（北京市重點高中2020;

23、2020屆高三尖子生綜合素質展示英語）—God! My cell phone is missing. — You ______ have left it at home. I heard you telephone our daughter in the bathroom. A．shall B．must C．would D．could 8.（南京市2020;2020屆高三年級第一次模擬考試英語）—Life ______ be very hard for people living in the north of Canada as it is very cold there in the

24、 winter. —Yes, the weather there ______ be as low as 60℃ below zero. A．must; can B．shall; must C．will; should D．has to; can 【答案】A 【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)后面的 “as it is very cold there in the winter” 可知第一空表示肯定推測，故用 must，而第二空是對那兒天氣的一種可能性猜測，故用 can。 9.（合肥市2020;2020年高三第一次教學質量檢測英語）—Come to supper with us,

25、Peter. —Great! I ______ bring a bottle of wine. A．will B． can C．may D．must 【答案】A 【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞。此處 will 表示的是說話人的主觀意愿，意為“愿；要”。 10.（合肥市2020;2020年高三第一次教學質量檢測英語）The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures ______ by the government. A．must be taken B．be taken C．will be taken D．

26、should take 11.（江西省豐、樟、高、宜四市2020;2020屆高三聯(lián)考英語）Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention ______ before class. A．to underlined B．was underlined C．to be underlined D．to being underlined 【答案】C 【解析】 考查虛擬語氣。分析句子結構可知，worth paying attention to 作 the key words 的后置定語；insist 表示“堅持主張”

27、時，其賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞使用 should do, should 可以省略，因此該從句謂語為 (should) be underlined，因此選擇C。解該題的關鍵在于弄清句子結構，不要受思維定勢的干擾而誤選D。 12.（河北省普通高中2020;2020屆高三教學質量監(jiān)測英語）I’m really very busy, otherwise I ______ certainly go there with you. A．can B．shall C．will D．would 13.（北京市東城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三第一學期期末教學統(tǒng)一檢測英語）If she ______ an

28、 hour earlier, she wouldn’t have been caught in the rain. A．has returned B．returned C．will return D．had returned 【答案】D 【解析】 考查虛擬語氣。從 “wouldn’t have been caught” 可知空處表示與過去事實相反，因此從句應用過去完成時。 14.（北京市西城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三上學期期末考試英語）—Let’s play football together tomorrow afternoon. —OK, but how I wish I

29、 ______ it as skillfully as you. A．played B．have played C．had played D．will play 15.（北京市西城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三上學期期末考試英語）______ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted C．Would I be devoted D．S

30、hould I be devoted 16.（北京市重點高中2020;2020屆高三尖子生綜合素質展示英語）I ran all the way to school yesterday, otherwise I ______ late for the annual talent show. A．was B．had been ‘ C．would be D．would have been 【答案】D 【解析】 考查虛擬語氣。句意：昨天我一路跑到學校，不然年度才藝表演我就會遲到。本句的后半句是虛擬語氣，是對過去情況的假設，所以用 would have done 結構。