2020高考英語備考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛系列 定語從句（教師版）

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1、2020;2020高考英語備考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛系列 8定語從句（教師版） 考前必讀 高考研究定語從句是英語三大類從句中最難的一類，其難點(diǎn)主要在于很多學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)分不清先行詞，不能正確使用關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞。因此在學(xué)習(xí)定語從句時(shí)，務(wù)必搞清定語從句的概念、關(guān)系詞的正確選擇和使用情況等。預(yù)測(cè)今后高考定語從句的考查還將是對(duì)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的考查。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 混淆關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 【易錯(cuò)題l】—What do you think of teacher ,Bob？ —I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doin

2、g something serious but interesting . A. where B. which C. when D. that 【錯(cuò)因透視】引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有where，when和why，若引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語，就要考慮用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。這時(shí)先行詞若是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，就用where引導(dǎo)定語從句；先行詞若是表示時(shí)間的名詞，就用when引導(dǎo)定語從句；先行詞若是表示原因的名詞(reason)，就用why引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year．這就是我們

3、去年住過的那個(gè)山村。I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you．我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了和你一起工作的那些日子。She didn’t tell me the reason why she was late．她沒有告訴我遲到的理由。 【易錯(cuò)題2】Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that D. what 【解析】考生容易誤選A項(xiàng)，誤以為先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，就用關(guān)

4、系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。分析定語從句的句子成分，可以看出定語從句缺少賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that作visit的賓語。 【答案】C 【易錯(cuò)題3】A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A. that??? B. which??? C. where??? D. what 【答案】C 【錯(cuò)因透視】理解題干的真正含義，準(zhǔn)確判斷定語從句前面的介

5、詞和副詞，是做這類試題的關(guān)鍵。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 混淆as和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 【易錯(cuò)題l】I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as B. which C. when D. though 【錯(cuò)因透視】as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語或賓語。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常帶有

6、“正如，正像”的意思，可置于句首；而which不可置于句首，非限制性定語從句含有貶義時(shí)一般不用as引導(dǎo)，而用which。如：The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us．太陽照耀大地，這對(duì)我們來說是很重要的。As we know，smoking is harmful to one’s health．正如我們所知道的，吸煙對(duì)人的健康是有害的。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3忽視關(guān)系代詞that與which的區(qū)別 【易錯(cuò)題l】Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _____ we’re going to vis

7、it. A. which 　　B. where 　　C. that 　　D. in which (1)先行詞是all，everything，something，anything，nothing，none，few，little，much等不定代詞，或是先行詞被all，every，some，any，no，few，little等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。Is there anything(that)I can do for you in town? (2)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或有序數(shù)詞the first，the second…，the last修飾時(shí)。如：This is thebest film(tha

8、t)I have ever seen． 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4混淆whose與其他引導(dǎo)詞 【易錯(cuò)題】Many children, _______ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5對(duì)關(guān)系代詞前面的介詞選擇有誤 【易錯(cuò)題】Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of

9、 which B. with which C. about which D. into which 【解析】考生容易誤選B項(xiàng)，以為是argue with固定搭配。argue with意思是“與(某人)爭(zhēng)論”。在本句中先行詞是物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，介詞與從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth．，意思是“爭(zhēng)論某事”。 【答案】C 【錯(cuò)因透視】‘‘介詞+which／whom”引導(dǎo)定語從句主要有下列三種情況： (1)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞前的介詞取決于與定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配。如：The scientist built atelescope thro

10、ugh which he could study the sky．這位科學(xué)家造了一架望遠(yuǎn)鏡，通過它來研究天空。 (2)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞前的介詞的選擇取決于與先行詞的搭配或具有的某種聯(lián)系。如：This is the house in which he wrote the famous novel．(=This is the house where he wrote the famous novel．)他就是在這所房子里寫的那本著名小說。 跟蹤練習(xí) 1.（2020;2020年西安市高三年級(jí)第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試題英語）There was a tree in front of the house,

11、 ______ owner was seen sitting under it, enjoying the shade. A．where B．whose C．which D．that 【答案】B 【解析】 考查定語從句。“____ owner was seen sitting under it” 是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 tree, whose 在從句中作定語。 2.（2020;2020年長(zhǎng)春市高中畢業(yè)班第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試英語）Is that house ______ door is painted red your mother’s? A．which B．what C．whos

12、e D．what 3.（北京市東城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三第一學(xué)期期末教學(xué)統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)英語）The man answered the phone in a loud voice at the meeting, ______ made Andy annoyed. A．that B．what C．who D．which 【答案】D 【解析】 考查定語從句。由該空前面的逗號(hào)可知，此處是 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，代指前面整句話。 4.（北京市西城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語）The Great Wall is the place ______ almost all

13、 tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. A．why B．which C．when D． where 【答案】B 【解析】 考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“____ almost all tourists would like to visit” 為定語從句，修飾先行詞 the place，關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng) visit 的賓語，因此選B。 5.（北京市重點(diǎn)高中2020;2020屆高三尖子生綜合素質(zhì)展示英語）American Thanksgiving Day, ______ falls on Nov. 24

14、this year, takes on an entirely different look in China. A．that B．when C．which D．what 6.（合肥市2020;2020年高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語）A good advertisement often uses words ______ people attach positive meanings. A．that B．which C．with which D．to which 【答案】D 【解析】 考查定語從句。句意：一則好廣告經(jīng)常使用那些人們賦予積極含義的話語。attach...to...

15、“把……附到……上”， “______ people attach positive meanings” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 words。 7.（寧夏銀川一中2020;2020屆高三年級(jí)第四次考試英語）The average rainfall in Ningxia is small, ______ makes the climate here drier ______ with other places in China. A．that; compared B．which; comparing C．which; compared D．that; comparing 8.（山東省濰

16、坊東營淄博濱州四市2020;2020屆高三聯(lián)考英語）Soon children in the camp had many new friends, ______ they shared food, stories and projects. A．for which B．with whom C．of which D．to whom 【答案】B 【解析】 考查“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。分析句子成分可知此處先行詞為 friends，從句中有短語 share sth. with sb.，故此處用 “with＋whom” 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 9.（山東省濰坊市三縣市2020;

17、2020屆高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)合考試英語）The course normally attracts 200 students per year, ______ up to half come from overseas. A．in which B．for whom C．with which D．of whom 10.（山西省2020;2020屆高三年級(jí)四校聯(lián)考試題英語）In the UK, what impressed me most was the student activity, ______ I got lots of information. A．when B．that

18、C．which D．where 【答案】D 【解析】 考查定語從句。本句的后半部分是非限制性定語從句，用來修飾先行詞 the student activity，where 在從句中作狀語，表示抽象的地點(diǎn)。 11.（江西省豐、樟、高、宜四市2020;2020屆高三聯(lián)考英語）A survey was conducted in Shanghai ______ interviewees were asked if they wanted to be a factory worker. A．when B．which C．that D．where 【答案】D 【解析】 考查定語從句。先行

19、詞為 survey，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，因此使用關(guān)系副詞，先排除B和C；空處表示在調(diào)查中，因此使用 where，也可用 in which。 12.（江西省豐、樟、高、宜四市2020;2020屆高三聯(lián)考英語）The city was attacked by ______ terrible weather ______ few citizens had ever experienced before. A．so; as B．so; that C．such; that D．such; as 13.（河北省普通高中2020;2020屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語）About 1.62 million

20、Chinese students went abroad to study between 1978 and 2020;2020, ______ only 497,400 have come back. A．who B．a(chǎn)mong whom C．a(chǎn)mong which D．in whom 【答案】B 【解析】 考查定語從句。句意：在1978年到2020;2020年期間，大約有162萬中國學(xué)生出國學(xué)習(xí)，其中回國的只有497400人。后半句是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 students，且由句意可知應(yīng)選用介詞 among，故B項(xiàng)正確。 14.I'll never forget t

21、he days ____ I learned hard in my senior high school, ____ changed my whole life. A．that; which B．when; which C．which; when D．that; that 15.（河南省洛陽市2020;2020屆高中三年級(jí)統(tǒng)一考試英語）The old lady, all of ______ children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government. A．her B．whom C．whose D．which