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1、2020年高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)高分巧突破 第1部分 介詞(短語)
語境提示法
語境提示法是解答介詞類試題最常用的方法,要注意熟記介詞的一些基本用法,更要注意一詞多義。
1.(2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.
A.a(chǎn)gainst B.before
C.beyond D.without
解析:選D 考查介詞辨析。句意:沒有一些數(shù)學(xué)知識,不可能有
2、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈锢硌芯俊ithout在此表示條件。
2.(2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it.
A.over B.by
C.for D.a(chǎn)gainst
解析:選D 考查介詞辨析。句意:為了完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目,我們簡直是在和時(shí)間賽跑啊。幸運(yùn)的是,我們做到了。against表示“與……比賽”,符合句意。
3.(2020·北京高考)Do you t
3、hink this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders?
A.a(chǎn)t B.on
C.to D.a(chǎn)cross
解析:選D 考查介詞。句意:你覺得這件襯衣的肩部是不是太緊了?across表示“從一邊到另一邊”,符合句意。
近幾年??嫉慕樵~中,一詞多義或較難的有:
1.a(chǎn)gainst
(表示方位)倚靠著……; (表示態(tài)度)反對;(表示對比)以……為背景
An agreement seems to be impossib
4、le because the majority of the committee members are against it.(2020·陜西高考)
看來意見達(dá)成一致是不可能了,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會成員都表示反對。
2.off
(表示位置)在……的外面,在……的沿海; (表示方向)偏離;從……離開
The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.(2020·遼寧高考)
Well Hotel坐落于湖盡頭的大路附近一個(gè)非常安靜的地方。
3.over
(表示位置)在……
5、的正上方,在……的上面; (表示方向)越過;(表示等級或數(shù)目)高于,在……之上,超過;(表示時(shí)間或過程)在……期間
I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(2020·山東高考)
很抱歉我沒有給您打電話,但是在過去的兩周里我一直很忙。
4.beyond
(表示位置)在……另一邊,在……更遠(yuǎn)處; (表示程度)超出,非……所能及
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving stor
6、y.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)
聽了她感人的故事,大家都被感動的無以言表。
5.with
(表示關(guān)系)和……在一起;(表示狀態(tài))具有,帶有;(表示方式)用……,憑借……;(表示對象)關(guān)于 ……;(表示伴隨)隨著;(表示原因)由于,因?yàn)?
The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money with me.(2020·重慶高考)
這本詞典是我想要的東西,但我身上沒帶那么多錢。
6.through
(表示位置)穿過;(表示時(shí)間)整個(gè)……;(表示手段、媒介)依據(jù),經(jīng)由
Graduation is a good time
7、to thank those who have helped you through the tough years.(2020·重慶高考)
畢業(yè)時(shí)是向那些在艱難歲月里幫助過你的人表示感謝的好機(jī)會。
固定搭配法
固定搭配中介詞(短語)的考查是重點(diǎn),主要包括與動詞、名詞、形容詞的搭配。因此多留意一些短語中介詞的使用非常重要。
1.(2020·山東高考)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.
A.from B.by
C.
8、at D.for
解析:選D 考查介詞。句意:史密斯夫婦因其教養(yǎng)孩子的方式而受到贊揚(yáng)。be praised for ...是固定搭配,意為“因……而受到贊揚(yáng)”。
2.(2020·安徽高考)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.
A.on B.a(chǎn)t
C.for
9、 D.to
解析:選C 考查介詞和動詞的搭配。句意:在你到某一旅游勝地參觀之前,先在你們當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館找一本與之相關(guān)的書看看。本題考查的是look for短語,因?yàn)閕n your local library這一地點(diǎn)狀語提前插入其中,從而增加了試題的難度。實(shí)際上,后半句是由look for a book about it in your local library演變而來的。故選C。
3.(2020·江蘇高考)I am always delighted when I receive an email from you.________ the party on July 1st
10、 I shall be pleased to attend.
A.On account of B.In response to
C.In view of D.With regard to
解析:選D 考查介詞短語辨析。句意:收到你的電子郵件,我總是很開心。至于七月一日的聚會,我很樂意參加。根據(jù)句意可知,with regard to“關(guān)于,至于”正確。on account of“由于,因?yàn)椤?;in response to“響應(yīng),對……有反應(yīng)”;in view of“鑒于,考慮到”。
4.(2020·遼寧高考)__
11、______ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
A.By means of B.On behalf of
C.In search of D.For fear of
解析:選B 考查介詞短語辨析。句意:我代表在場的所有人祝您歸國旅途愉快。on behalf of“代表”,符合句意。by means of“借助……手段”;in search of“尋找”;for fear of“唯恐”。
介詞的固定搭配考查有兩種:
12、一是考查固定搭配中的介詞;二是考查介詞短語。近五年考查到的介詞(短語)的固定搭配有:
1.in
in the meanwhile 同時(shí)
in the way 阻擋
in time 及時(shí);最終
in detail 詳細(xì)地
in favour of 同意
in case 以免;萬一
in return 作為回報(bào)
in exchange for 用以交換……
2.for
be praised for 因?yàn)椤艿奖頁P(yáng)
for life 終生
for the benefit of
13、 為了……的利益
as for 就……而論;關(guān)于
be trained for 被訓(xùn)練為……
for lack of 由于缺乏……
3.on
on behalf of 代表
on the contrary 相反
on condition that ... 以……作為條件
4.with
have an appointment with 與……有約會
with regard to 關(guān)于
5.a(chǎn)bove
above average 在平均數(shù)以上
above all 首先;最重要的是
6
14、.by
by chance 偶然;碰巧
by name 用名字
7.from
apart from 除……之外
far from 遠(yuǎn)非
8.a(chǎn)gainst
warn sb. against (doing) sth. 警告某人不要做某事
9.out of
out of control 失去控制
out of place 不在合適的位置;不適當(dāng)?shù)?
out of one's reach 某人夠不著的地方
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫無疑問
①
15、I have an appointment with Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.(2020·北京高考)
我和史密斯醫(yī)生有個(gè)約會,但我需要改一下。
②You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be for life.(2020·安徽高考)
你可以換工作,可以搬家,但友誼卻可以終生受用。
③Apart from good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional F
16、ujian dishes.
除了良好的服務(wù),本飯店還提供不同種類的傳統(tǒng)閩菜。
1.(2020·蘭州市高三二模)Look at this year's sales figures ________ last year's; they're much better.
A.a(chǎn)gainst B.from
C.with D.between
解析:選A 句意:看看今年與去年的銷量對比,今年要好多了。此處against表示對比,意為“以……為背景”。
2.(2020·陜西省長安一中模擬)—Have you m
17、ade an apology ________ him ________ breaking his window?
—Yes, I have.
A.for; to B.to; to
C.for; for D.to; for
解析:選D 考查短語make an apology to sb. for sth.“因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼浮?。句意:“你打破了他的窗子向他道歉了嗎?”“是的,我道歉了。?
3.(2020·江西贛中四校高三第二次聯(lián)考)A special title was awarded to Zhang
18、 Lili, an ordinary Chinese teacher, ________ her act of bravery to rescue two students at the risk of her own life.
A.in favor of B.in place of
C.in honor of D.in terms of
解析:選C 考查介詞短語。句意:張麗莉——一位普通的語文教師,被授予一個(gè)特殊的稱號,以表彰她冒著生命危險(xiǎn)挽救兩名學(xué)生的英勇事跡。in favor of“支持,擁護(hù)”;in place
19、 of“代替”;in honor of“紀(jì)念;表彰”;in terms of“談及;就……而言”。故選C。
4.(2020·濟(jì)南一中模擬)After graduation, Frank often thought of those who had helped him ________ his school life.
A.of B.a(chǎn)cross
C.a(chǎn)t D.through
解析:選D 句意:畢業(yè)后,弗朗克經(jīng)常想起那些幫他度過了學(xué)校生活的人們。此處through意為“經(jīng)歷,度過”,符合
20、題意。
5.(2020·濰坊市高三二模)Parents are advised to take pressure ________ their children and give them some encouragement before an exam.
A.off B.over
C.from D.to
解析:選A 句意:建議父母在考試前給孩子們減壓,并且給他們一些鼓勵。take ... off/out of意為“把……從……中除去”。
6.(2020·濱州市一模) ________ co
21、ntents, Mo Yan frequently writes about his own hometown, Gaomi, Shandong Province.
A.In terms of B.Regardless of
C.According to D.In addition to
解析:選A 句意:就內(nèi)容來說,莫言經(jīng)常寫到他的家鄉(xiāng),山東省高密市。in terms of“就……而言”;regardless of“無論;不管”;according to“按照”;in addition to“除……之外還……”。