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2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第16講 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)考查學(xué)案
語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的考查往往從詞組搭配、詞義辨析、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯過渡詞語(yǔ)等幾個(gè)方面設(shè)題,旨在讓學(xué)生日常學(xué)習(xí)中注重語(yǔ)言用法積累以便能在不同語(yǔ)境中正確地運(yùn)用它們。
詞組搭配在語(yǔ)言知識(shí)考查中所占的比重最大。歷年高考完形填空選項(xiàng)中至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩道詞組題目。詞組一般以以下幾種形式出現(xiàn):
一、詞組搭配
1.以簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞為中心+介詞/副詞構(gòu)成的詞組辨析
【答案和解析】B 根據(jù)上文,此空需要“偏離道路”這一含義,故用go off the road。
【例1】Police reports are full of __35._
2、accidents__ that occur when people fall into sleep and go __36__the road.(xx全國(guó)卷)
36. A. up B. off
C. along D. down
【例2】…, so I decided to __47__on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself
3、 for the things I didn't __48._know__ “just yet”. (xx北京卷)
47. A. focus B. act
C. rely D. try
【答案和解析】A 雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可與on構(gòu)成搭配,但根據(jù)下文do my best at each practice session可知作者下定決心學(xué)好籃球,把精力都集中在學(xué)習(xí)籃球上。 focus on 集中精力/注意力于……
2. 以簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞+介詞為中心構(gòu)成的詞組辨析
【例3】I watc
4、hed as you faced the __25._changes__of pleting your studies, starting panies with Dad,while still being a __26._model__ and a Mom of five kids. I was exhausted just watching you __27__.(xx天津卷)
27. A. in danger B. in action
C. in trouble D. in charge
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【答案和解析】B 根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境信息,此句意思應(yīng)為:光看著你不停忙碌就讓我很累。in action 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中;in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中。in trouble 處于麻煩中; in charge負(fù)責(zé),掌管。
3. 由介詞+簡(jiǎn)單名詞構(gòu)成的名詞詞組
【例4】 Now Maja was ready to keep her __48__. (xx湖北卷)
48. A. appointment B. promise
C. record D. habit
【答案和解析】B 根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境
6、,可得知此句含義為:如今,Maja該兌現(xiàn)諾言了。故選keep one's promise這個(gè)詞組。
4. 由動(dòng)詞+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組
二、詞義辨析
詞義辨析主要體現(xiàn)于四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞、形容詞或副詞等。它們?cè)谕晷翁羁?0道題中常各占一道或兩道題。
【例1】 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __21__ home from work in
7、the evenings. (xx全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
21. A. way B. track
C. path D. road
【答案和解析】A 根據(jù)上文可知,在下班回家的路上人們因工作勞累而在公交車、火車上睡著,故此處因?yàn)?:on the way home from work。
1. 名詞辨析
【例2】 We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment, I felt
8、 fiercely __52__ of him. I swam to Dad __53._quickly__ and assisted him in climbing onto the hull(船殼) of the boat.
52. A. ashamed B. protective
C. tired D. afraid
【答案和解析】B 根據(jù)上下文中的“struggling aimlessly”, “assisted him”可知我要保護(hù)他。
2. 形容詞辨析
9、
【例3】 I led Tony away __47__, saying that the drum was too expensive. (xx遼寧卷)
47. A. happily B . eagerly
C. cautiously D. quickly
【答案和解析】D 句意:我邊快速地把Tony帶走,邊說著禮物很貴這樣的話。quickly可以反映作者的焦慮以及對(duì)即將發(fā)生的事情的一種鋪墊。
3. 副詞辨析
三、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
近幾年的完形填空題逐漸淡化語(yǔ)法概念,所以語(yǔ)法題所占比重不多。但是
10、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查很常見,偶爾也會(huì)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法,其他語(yǔ)法板塊內(nèi)容涉及很少。
1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)的考查還是立足于它們?cè)诰渥又谐洚?dāng)?shù)木浞üδ?,如需要填入一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等句子成分,旨在考查學(xué)生的句子分析能力。
【例1】 We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train… Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger __25__ next to him…The worst time to fall asl
11、eep is when __34__. (xx全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
25. A. lying B. waiting
C. talking D. sitting
34. A. thinking B. working
C. walking D. driving
【答案和解析】25. D 上文中的信息on the bus or train說明:可能會(huì)靠在坐在旁邊的陌生人的肩膀上睡著。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
12、中現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。
34. D 此處強(qiáng)調(diào)最糟的就是開車時(shí)打盹。D 為最佳選項(xiàng)。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞這一狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
【例2】 There are also styles to remind me of Mum—a tiny chair which __37__be in her bedroom is set in one room. (xx四川卷)
37. A. ought to B. used to
C. might D. could
【答案和解析】B 根
13、據(jù)句意:一把過去曾經(jīng)在母親臥室里擺放的小椅子被安放到了其中一個(gè)房間。used to 表過去常?!?
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查常結(jié)合完形填空篇章上下文背景信息。
四、邏輯過渡詞語(yǔ)
上下文之間表轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果等關(guān)系的過渡詞語(yǔ)選擇也一般會(huì)占一道題量。這就要求學(xué)生平時(shí)要關(guān)注句與句、段與段之間邏輯銜接。
【例1】__52__,the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldn't always get what he wanted. (xx江蘇卷)
52. A. Therefore B. However
C. Moreover D. Otherwise
【答案及解析】B 考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。從下文even if來判斷,該句的邏輯應(yīng)該是:即使……然而……