（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測題 一 詞義猜測題學(xué)案 新人教版

《（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測題 一 詞義猜測題學(xué)案 新人教版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測題 一 詞義猜測題學(xué)案 新人教版（20頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、一、詞義猜測題 (2019·全國Ⅰ，B) ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue，N.Y.，todayisspeechday，andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes，heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking. Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christr

2、ipsonthe“-ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion，Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim. Asonofimmigrants，Chrisst

3、artedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起) howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom. LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplain

4、s，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’” Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysays

5、theprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀) aboutthemselves. “Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.” 語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了小學(xué)教師托馬斯·沃利通過組織學(xué)生演講來幫助學(xué)生增強自信的教學(xué)實踐。 24．W

6、hatmadeChrisnervous? A．Tellingastory. B．Makingaspeech. C．Takingatest. D．Answeringaquestion. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“todayisspeechday...ChrisPalaez’sturn”和第二段中的“Buthe’snervous.”可知，克里斯在進行競選演說時感到非常緊張。 25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto? A．Improperpauses. B．Badmanners. C．S

7、pellingmistakes. D．Sillyjokes. 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，老師借助競選演說鼓勵同學(xué)們學(xué)會贊美自己。文中克里斯·帕萊茲的母語不是英語，他學(xué)英語才三年多，說話不流利，而且他在演講時非常緊張，所以說話磕磕絆絆，因此選A。 26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto. A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths B．a(chǎn)ssessstudents’publicspeakingskills C．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

8、D．inspirestudents’loveforpolitics 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀) aboutthemselves.”和最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，老師讓學(xué)生參加競選演說不僅僅是讓學(xué)生們學(xué)會在公開場合演說，更重要的是讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的長處，從而樹立自信。 27．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

9、 A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)克里斯·帕萊茲發(fā)表競選演說遇到問題時，老師耳語為他提示。文章最后兩段解釋了老師舉辦這項活動的初衷，我們可以判斷這個老師是關(guān)心他人的人，因此選C。 一、題型解讀 詞義猜測題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。詞義猜測是一種閱讀技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短時間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，而這些詞和詞組往往都超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到一定的作用。由此看來，對于生詞的理解是否準(zhǔn)確，直接影響著閱

10、讀理解題得分的高低，對能否取得好的高考成績有著舉足輕重的作用。 詞義猜測題的命題方式有： (1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean? (2)Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans“”． (3)Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby“”． (4)Theunderlinedword“...”inParagraph...isclosestinmeaningto. (5)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor? (6)

11、Bysaying“...”wemean. (7)“...”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas. (8)Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？ 二、解題技巧——巧用線索猜詞義 1．根據(jù)定義、釋義或同位語進行猜測 有些文章，特別是科技說明文，作者通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語下定義，通過閱讀定義和解釋部分，考生便可理解該詞或短語的意思。有時，需要猜測的單詞或短語后面會緊跟一個同位語，作為對前面的詞或短語的解釋說明。有時，文章會用冒號、破折號、括號等對某個詞或短語加以解釋說明。 例如：T

12、aylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice(器械) thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned. 分析：所猜測單詞defibrillator后面出現(xiàn)了同位語“anelectronicdevice(器械) thatcanshocktheheartbackinto

13、work”(一個可以電擊心臟使其重新工作的電子器械)來進行解釋說明，我們可推知其詞義應(yīng)為“(心臟)除顫器”。 2．根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進行猜測 英語中通過詞根加詞綴或兩個單詞合成的方式可以構(gòu)成新詞。因此，掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識，再結(jié)合上下文語境，也可以快速猜測詞義。 例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry. 分析：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可知uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。 3．根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測 在閱讀理解文章

14、的句子或段落中，若兩個事物或兩種現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，這時我們可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推斷詞或短語的含義。表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。 例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher’sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet? 試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disru

15、pting”probablymean? A．Breaking. B．Following. C．Attending. D．Disturbing. 分析：畫線單詞所在的句子出現(xiàn)了因果關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞thus，由前面的原因“我兒子聽不懂老師的指示”可以推知，“他因此認(rèn)為我兒子斯科拉干擾了課堂”，故選D項。其余三項都不符合這一因果邏輯關(guān)系。 4．根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測 在畫線單詞或短語前后有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，它往往暗示了該詞或該短語的含義，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞或短語的含義。常見的表示相同或相近意義的詞和短語有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，t

16、oo，also，either等。 例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作) withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida. 試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contributions”referto? A．Artworks. B．Projects. C

17、．Donations. D．Documents. 分析：畫線單詞contributions前出現(xiàn)了and，可利用同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測。and前面提到了“thefineselectionofthemajorworks”(精選的重要作品)，后面說contributions來自其他機構(gòu)，由并列關(guān)系可以推斷出contributions應(yīng)該屬于works的范疇，同時文中明確表示contributions是來自museum的，故選A項。 5．根據(jù)反義、轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系進行猜測 有些需要猜測詞義的詞或短語前后會出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊脑~語，運用這些詞語也可以幫助猜測詞義。能體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折、對比關(guān)系的詞匯很多，常

18、見的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead (of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。 例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive. 試題：Wh

19、atdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean? A．Wildandromantic. B．Slowandpeaceful. C．Hungryandthirsty. D．Activeandexcited. 分析：畫線詞語所在句子的句意為“雖然它們，但是在一天的這個時候騎馬觀賞仍然令人印象非常深刻?！庇蓆hough可知，前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前一句中提到的“atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，應(yīng)選B項，sedate意為“不慌不忙的”。 6．根據(jù)上下文進行猜測 有些詞義猜測題找不到以上標(biāo)志線索，這時可以利用上

20、下文提供的情景和線索進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進而推測詞義，這也是近幾年來高考考查的熱點。 例如：真題感悟的25題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，老師借助競選演說鼓勵同學(xué)們學(xué)會贊美自己。文中克里斯·帕萊茲的母語不是英語，他學(xué)英語才三年多，說話不流利，而且他在演講時非常緊張，所以說話磕磕絆絆，因此選A。 A (2019·河南實驗中學(xué)模擬) Solar energy systems & power 8plants do not produce air pollution，water pollution，or greenhouse gases.9Using solar energy can have

21、a positive，indirect effect on the environment，when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment. However，somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的) cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保熱的)

22、 systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials. Aswithanytypeofpowerplant，largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayha

23、velong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorforcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition，thebeamofc

24、oncentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintothebeam. Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeople1consumeeachday.However，onthesurfaceoftheearth，solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunl

25、ightandtheintensityofsunlight5variesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailabilityof sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis.The type and size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the 2available solar energy we can convert into useful ener

26、gy. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了太陽能發(fā)電的潛在弊端以及影響太陽能收集量的幾個因素。 1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“hazardous”underlinedinParagraph2? A．Inexpensive. B．Dangerous. C．Ineffective. D．Abnormal. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的) cells”及畫線詞所在句后的“Leaksofthesemat

27、erialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.”可知hazardous意為“危險的”。故選B。 2．Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations? A．Pollutingthegroundwater. B．Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals. C．Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance. D．Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theplac

28、ementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.”可知，大型太陽能發(fā)電廠的選址可能會對當(dāng)?shù)貏又参锏臈⒌禺a(chǎn)生長期的影響，也就是會破壞當(dāng)?shù)刈匀黄胶?。故C項正確。 3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus? A．Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy. B．Howtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy. C．Therelationshipbetwee

29、nsolarenergycollectionandthesunlight. D．Somefactorsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection. 答案　D 解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三、四句可知，在地球表面，太陽能是一種可變的和不規(guī)則的能源，陽光的數(shù)量和強度隨著一天的時間和地點而變化，天氣和氣候條件影響每日和季節(jié)性的陽光供應(yīng)。由此可知，本段主要介紹的是影響太陽能收集量的幾個因素。故D項正確。 B (2019·湖北黃岡中學(xué)三模) ASouthKoreanmanandthe21ducklingshehasbeenraising

30、ashischildreneversincetheyhatchedhavebeenbreakingtheInternetwiththeiramazing6bond.Avideothatrecently3wentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamountainhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand. Themiddle-agedman，whosenameisnot4revealedinthevideo，hasbeentakingcareofhis21ducklingsev

31、ersincetheywereeggs，makingsuretheincubation(孵化) periodwentsmoothly，andevenhelpingthetinybirdsbreakthroughtheirshellswhenitcametimetohatch.Hewasthefirstthingtheylaideyesoninthisworld，andhehasremainedthemostimportantfigureintheirlivessince. Ducklingsnaturallyfollowtheirmotheraround，andsincethemanwast

32、heonewho7actedastheirmother，thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere，evenupamountain.Tothemit’sonlynatural，butthemiddle-agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioningforthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.Hewouldlovetoraisethemallaspets，butknowsthatwouldn’tbeidealforhimorthebirds，sohe’smakingsurethattheyare

33、strongenoughtosurviveinthewild. Thevideoshowstheducksfollowingthemiddle-agedmanashehikesupamountainoutsideSeoul，stoppingwheneverhedoesandrefusingtofollowanyoneelse，eveniftheygivethesame“l(fā)et’sgo”commandtheirhumanmothergives.Unlesstheyhearhisvoiceandseehimmoving，theydon’tbudge.It’sactuallyquiteremark

34、able.Imean，it’sonethingtoseedogsactinglikethis，butducklings? That’ssomethingelse. 10While it’s not clear what the man does for a living，I’m pretty sure he has a lot of experience with ducks，as at one point he reveals a certificate for “father of ducklings” dated 2005. 語篇解讀　這是一篇新聞報道類閱讀。文章主要講了韓國一位中年

35、男子把小鴨子當(dāng)“孩子”養(yǎng)，這些小鴨子把他當(dāng)成“媽媽”，到處跟著他，很自然地服從他的命令。 4．Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo? A．Theducklingsjustbrokethroughtheirshells. B．Themanaccidentallysavedsomeducklings. C．Theducklingsjustobeyedthemannaturally. D．Themantookprideinhisducklings. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，我們能從這個視頻中得知，小鴨們很自然地服從這個人。故選C。 5．W

36、hat’stheman’spurposeofraisingtheducklings? A．Tomakealivingbyperforming. B．Tofilmavideotoattractattention. C．Tofreethemintothewildoneday. D．Tomakeacontributiontoabirdreserve. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，這個男子養(yǎng)小鴨的目的是有一天把它們放歸野外。故選C。 6．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“budge”inParagr

37、aph4? A．Attack. B．Move. C．End. D．Struggle. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文可知，視頻顯示，當(dāng)這名中年男子爬上首爾郊外的一座山時，鴨子們跟著他，無論他什么時候停下來，它們都不愿跟著任何人，即使給它們發(fā)出和它們的人類母親同樣的“我們走吧”的命令。由此可知，畫線句意為“除非它們聽到他的聲音，看到他在動，否則它們不會動?！惫省癰udge”的意思是“移動”。故選B。 7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext? A．“Father”and“Mother”ofCutePets B．AManRaisesDucklingsa

38、sHis“Children” C．DucklingsAlsoRegardedasGoodPets D．AmazingBondBetweenManandAnimals 答案　B 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段第二句“最近在西方世界走紅的一段視頻顯示，這些可愛的小禽跟隨它們的‘媽媽’爬山，聽從他的每一個命令?！笔侨牡闹黝}句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章最好的題目是：一個男人把小鴨子當(dāng)“孩子”養(yǎng)。故選B。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1．Asmallervehiclewillconsumelessfuel，whichmeanslessemissio

39、n.消費，消耗 2．Hangzhou，inZhejiangProvince，becamethefirstcitytomakefreeoutdoorWiFiavailableforresidents(居民)．可獲得的，可得到的 3．Fakenewshaslongbeenaseriousproblem，andsocialmediahasbeenblamedforallowingfakenewsstoriestogoviralquickly.廣泛傳播 4．Whenyouanswerthisquestion，thewordsyouchoosewillrevealsomethingaboutyou

40、ridentity. 揭示，揭露 (二)同義詞語替換 5．Theresearchalsofoundthatattitudestofoodandweightvarywildlyaroundtheworld.differ 6．Thissharedexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetweenus.tie/connection 7．Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson，whichisquitesignificantfortheirconvenience.workas (三)一詞多義 8．plantn．植物；工廠

41、，發(fā)電廠v．種植；安插，安放 (1)Afterreachingthetopofthemountain，theyplantaflagthere.v.安插，安放 (2)Itisessentialtowatereachplantasoftenasrequired.n.植物 (3)Manyyearsfromnow，otherworkerswillrousethesleepingseedsandplantthemwherethey’remostneeded.v.種植 (4) Backonthatdatein1986，acloudofradioactivedustburstoutoftheCher

42、nobyl(切爾諾貝利) nuclearpowerplant.n.工廠，發(fā)電廠 Ⅱ.長難句理解 9．Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment. [句式分析]　本句是一個主從復(fù)合句，句子的主干為Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironmen

43、t，主語是usingsolarenergy；when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，此時when從句的主語是solarenergy,謂語為replacesorreduces，賓語為theuseofotherenergysources。that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞otherenergysources。 [精美譯文]　當(dāng)用太陽能替代或減少對環(huán)境有較大影響的其他能源的應(yīng)用時，使用太陽能會對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生積極的、間接的影響。 10．Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving，I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks，as

44、atonepointherevealsacertificatefor“fatherofducklings”dated2005. [句式分析]　本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。while引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，此時while＝although/though；as引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句。 [精美譯文]　雖然還不清楚這個人做什么工作，但我敢肯定他對鴨子很有經(jīng)驗，因為他曾出示過他在2005年獲得的“小鴨之父”的證書。 強化練(十六) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·山西太原五中段考) FriendsalwaysaskwhyI，amiddle-agedwomanwithnoathletictalent，

45、traveltoperilousplaces—thejunglesofThailandorBorneo，forexample，wherethewaterisoftenunsafeandthefoodrisky；placeswithinfectiousdiseases，poisonoussnakesandthewildestanimals；someplaceswherethelocalsarejustafewgenerationspastheadhunting. Ineverknowhowtoanswer.Mytraveldecisionsassumedanewgravitynineyears

46、agoafterIsufferedastroke.Topreventanotherstroke，mydoctorstoldme，Iwouldhavetotakedangerouslyhighlevelsofbloodthinner(血液稀釋劑) fortherestofmylifeandanytravelwouldberisky. Ihadtothinkaboutwhatwasimportanttome：family，ofcourse，andfriends.Butthenwhat？NomatterhowmanytimesIthoughtaboutit，nobucketlistwascompl

47、etewithouttravel.ThenIhadtodecidehowImightmanagetherisk.IhadtodecidehowluckyIfelt. Myreturntotravelaftermystrokecameinbabysteps.ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.Afterwe’dtouredtheremainsofaTangdynastytempleonahighmountain，J

48、ackwantedtoridedownonatoboggan(長雪橇)． Beforethestrokeitwouldhaveseemedlikefun.Butnow？Ihesitated.Mymentalklaxon(高音喇叭) screamedwarningsabouttheconsequencesofacut，afall，andacrash.Then，gainingconfidencefromwhoknowswhere，Iloweredmyselfcarefullyintothetoboggan，whichmarkedmyadventuretravelcomeback. Inthey

49、earssincethen，I’vetraveledabouttwenty-fivepercentofthetime.Throughitall，mylucksheldout—nodeadlyfalls，nocaraccidentsorseriousinfections.Forme，adventuretravelisariskworthtaking.Travelbroadensmyworldandkeepsmeconnectedtonature.What’smore，saying“yes”totravelkeepsmeconnectedtomyself. 1．Whatdoestheunde

50、rlinedword“perilous”inParagraph1probablymean? A．Unique. B．Dangerous. C．Historical. D．Famous. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測題。第一段破折號后的內(nèi)容是對perilousplace的解釋說明，根據(jù)句意“例如，泰國或婆羅洲的叢林，那里的水往往不安全，食物也很危險；有傳染病、毒蛇和野生動物的地方；有些地方的本地人剛剛過了獵頭的時代。”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“危險的”。故選B。 2．Whatdidthedoctorsadvisetheauthortodo? A．Doproperexercise. B．E

51、njoytherestofherlife. C．Keepawayfromtraveling. D．Spendmoretimewithherfamily. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，我的醫(yī)生告訴我，對我來說任何旅行都是有風(fēng)險的，因此醫(yī)生建議作者遠離旅行。故選C。 3．WhydidtheauthormentionhertraveltoChina? A．Itwasherlastadventure. B．Sherecoveredhercouragethroughit. C．ShelikedthebeautifulsceneryinChina. D．Itwas

52、themostdangerousexperienceinherlife. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.”可知，作者之所以提到她的中國之行是因為她通過這件事恢復(fù)了勇氣。故選B。 4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A．ABusinessTriptoChina B．UniqueTravelExperiences C．WhyIS

53、tillTraveltotheWild D．HowIOvercametheFearofDisease 答案　C 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了作者在中風(fēng)后是如何克服困難，重新獲得勇氣去旅行的。故選C。 B (2019·江西師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)三模) Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowe

54、rbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearchsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong? Avoidingtemptation(誘惑) isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control，whichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdr

55、awerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight. Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail? Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinr

56、eserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower—atleasttoapoint. Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostud

57、yself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly，regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength. The

58、evidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords，don’ttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatth

59、esametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Baumeistersays，you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine，andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall. 語篇解讀　這是一篇議論文。短文列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點，作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對誘惑時使意志力保持堅定。

60、 5．Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat. A．peoplehaveunlimitedself-control B．highmotivationensuresone’ssuccess C．willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted D．toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力很難完全耗盡。故C選項正確。 6．Th

61、eunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”． A．makeuseof B．runoutof C．build D．increase 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正確的動機使我們能夠利用這些儲備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進。所以通過上下文的語境，

62、判斷出“tapinto”指“利用”，與makeuseof同義。故A選項正確。 7．Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles. A．toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower B．toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise C．toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup D．toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句的內(nèi)容“雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會因運動而疲憊

63、不堪，但長期而言，它們會通過經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強。同樣，規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力?！笨芍?，兩者相比是為了說明同一個道理：長期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故D選項正確。 8．Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer? A．“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.” B．“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.” C．“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.” D．“Iwillkee

64、pmyselffromanytemptation.” 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后三句的內(nèi)容“一個接一個地制定目標(biāo)是一個更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。”可知，C項“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故C選項正確。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019·天津濱海七所重點學(xué)校聯(lián)考) Howdidyoudoit，Dad? Howhaveyoumanagednottotakeadrinkforalmost20years

65、? Ittookmealmost20yearstohavethe9toevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirst10drinking，thewholefamilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoa11that，inthepast，wouldhavestartedhim12again.Forafewyearswewere13tobringitupforfearthatthedrinkingwouldbeginagain. “IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecite

66、tomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDad’s14tomy18-year-oldunaskedquestion.“Thewordswereaconstant15tomethatthingswere16sohardthatIcouldnotdealwiththem，”Dadsaid.Thenhe17thepoemwithme.Thepoem’s18，yetprofoundwordsimmediatelybecame19ofmydailyroutineaswell. Aboutamonthafterthis20withmyfather，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailysayingsofwisdomwithone21foreachdayoftheyear. Ithasbeenmy22thatwhenyougetsomethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，younaturallyturntothepagethatlistsyourown23. I