備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 考點(diǎn)03 主謂一致（含解析）

《備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 考點(diǎn)03 主謂一致（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 考點(diǎn)03 主謂一致（含解析）（9頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、考點(diǎn)03 主謂一致 【命題解讀】 在英語(yǔ)句子里，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。近幾年來(lái)，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在語(yǔ)法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致以及就近一致三個(gè)方面上。 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】 主謂一致在高考中常與名詞結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行綜合考查，多以語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)的形式出題，在完形填空中也會(huì)有所涉及，總體難度系數(shù)較低，縱觀近年的高考真題，主謂一致中的固定搭配是考查的重難點(diǎn)。預(yù)計(jì)2020年高考仍會(huì)沿襲這一命題規(guī)律。 【復(fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握主謂一致的三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主謂一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌

2、握定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致； 4. 掌握倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致。 高考主謂一致的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu) 一致原則 考點(diǎn)詳解 例句 語(yǔ)法一致 1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago

3、. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 2. 由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，l

4、ike，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some，

5、any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。 Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 5. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who， which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 一致原則 考點(diǎn)詳解 例句 語(yǔ)法一致 6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

6、單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the m

7、ajority of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 與the number of的區(qū)別 8. 在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。 There comes the bus. On the wall are many

8、pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 邏輯一致 1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。 Which is your bag？Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。 Thirty minutes is enough f

9、or the work. Ten miles is too long. 3. 若主語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 4. 表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 一致原則 考點(diǎn)詳解 例句 邏輯一致 5. 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。 Twelve

10、plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn‘t easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)

11、數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the） pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.? 8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The old are taken good care of. 9. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。 Quant

12、ities of food (nuts) were on the table. 10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 就近一致 1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either … or，

13、 neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。 如：Here is a map

14、 and a handbook for you. 考向一語(yǔ)法一致 語(yǔ)法一致：就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。 1. 　單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ?　His father is working on the farm. ? Time is money. ? To finish all the work on time is impossible. ? Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. ? The children are in the cl

15、assroom 2 hours ago. ◆由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)但如果表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 　What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you. 2. 由and 或both...and 連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 　Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

16、◆如果and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)。 The writer and artist has come. ◆由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前分別有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 　Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it. 3. 主語(yǔ)后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather t

17、han, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.　 She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4. either, neither, each, every或no+單數(shù)neither/neither/none of ＋復(fù)數(shù)

18、名詞，還有some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 　Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 　Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa. 5. 定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, which, who 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和先行詞一致。 　He is one of my students who are working hard. He is t

19、he only one of my friends who is working hard. 1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【答案】B 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與主謂一致。句意：在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，這名音樂(lè)家與他的樂(lè)隊(duì)成員已經(jīng)完成了十場(chǎng)演出。由“in the last three months”可知，這句話

20、的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故排除AD選項(xiàng)。本句主語(yǔ)為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。 2（2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語(yǔ)法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主

21、謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是it，表示單數(shù)概念。故填is。 3.He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him. A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes 【答案】D 【解析

22、】考查主謂一致。that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)men，因此定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用have。第一個(gè)空考查的是定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，因此第一個(gè)空用have；后半句譯為＂那就是幾乎沒(méi)有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂幾乎不＂，根據(jù)句意，后面應(yīng)是肯定句，故排除C項(xiàng)；hardly作為否定副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子才使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，因此排除B項(xiàng)。故選D項(xiàng)。 6. 集體名詞family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整體時(shí)，用單數(shù)；指集體的成員時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)。 His fam

23、ily is a happy one. 　The whole family are watching TV. 　The population of China is 1400 million.(人口) 　One third of the population here are workers.(人) ◆people, cattle, police作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 7. 由　a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名詞，或者是分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。

24、 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent. 8. 倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)v.的數(shù)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。 　On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. It is important to re

25、member that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve. A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take 【答案】A 【解析】主謂一致指＂人稱＂和＂數(shù)＂方面的一致關(guān)系。根據(jù)分析，第一空的謂語(yǔ)要填一個(gè)單數(shù)，因?yàn)榇速e語(yǔ)從句：…that success a sum of…day.的主語(yǔ)是success，一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)要用is；后面的句子：often years to ac

26、hieve.的主語(yǔ)也是success，故第二空的謂語(yǔ)也是一個(gè)單數(shù)形式。句意：成功是將每天一小點(diǎn)努力積累起來(lái)，是需要多年的努力去達(dá)到，記住這些很重要。 考向二 意義一致原則 1. 表示時(shí)間、度量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槠湓诟拍钌鲜且粋€(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 　Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM. 2. 如果是書(shū)名，片名，格言，劇名，報(bào)名，國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 　The Arabian Nights is an intere

27、sting story book. one and a half ＋復(fù)數(shù)n.，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 　One and a half apples is left on the table. 3. 算是中表示數(shù)目通常用單數(shù)（加減乘除） 表示 上聊天是保持你的外語(yǔ)水平的很好的方式。動(dòng)詞詞組keep up意為"使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)"。 10.Hopefully 【解析】考查副詞。句意：希望以上所述能夠幫助你放下你的顧慮，開(kāi)始你的旅程。本空用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子，因此應(yīng)該用副詞形式。又因?yàn)楸究赵诰涫?，所以單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。 體驗(yàn)真題 1.C 【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)和主謂一致

28、態(tài)。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村里時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)last week可知應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，排除選項(xiàng)A和B。as well as連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語(yǔ)是Amy，她受到熱烈歡迎，所以用過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)。故選C。 2. C 【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是包含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞是Great Expectations是書(shū)名，看作單數(shù)，所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)也要使用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)＂strengthened＂可知，＂被廣泛閱讀和得到高度評(píng)價(jià)＂發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故選C。 3. B 【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被認(rèn)為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)regard..

29、.as… (把……看做……)和句意確定應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A和D；由介詞短語(yǔ)along with連接的三個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該就前一致，即用單數(shù)，排除C。故選B。 4. has grown【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為the country，所以應(yīng)該應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。句意：2011年以來(lái)，中國(guó)種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。 5.A　【解析】考查主謂一致。句意為：通常情況，對(duì)別人期望很高的學(xué)生的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)他們的發(fā)展是必要的。主語(yǔ)students’ inner motivation表示單數(shù)意義，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，并且敘述的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選A項(xiàng)。 9