2020高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時提能練14 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 新人教版必修3

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1、課時提能練(十四) Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars 課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面 Ⅰ.語境語法填空 A The 1.existence (exist) of terrorism lets the world not be stable. Terrorist activities, many of which are linked to 2.religious (religion) extremism, have resulted in a 3.global (globe) disaster. They not only bring th

2、reat to the safety of human but have 4.harmful (harm) effect on economic growth. Many people are forced to flee their homes because of growing fears of terrorist 5.violence (violent). All governments are paying great attention to this issue, but to stop terrorism is indeed a 6.systematic (system) pr

3、oject, which requires effort, wisdom and cooperation. B A conflict broke 7.out when the villagers tried to prevent the factory workers 8.from sending waste water into their field. The villagers had been watching out 9.for the waste water for some time. They found it was very harmful 10.to their he

4、alth as well as their crops. Officials came just 11.in time to stop the situation getting worse. They managed to block 12.out the anger of the villagers, promising to punish the factory for what they had done. On hearing this, the villagers cheered 13.up and the conflict ended finally. C At a roug

5、h estimate, Nigeria is three times 14.the size of Great Britain. Its population is also twice 15.what it was 50 years ago. Nigeria is abundant in oil, which makes 16.it possible to become Africa's No.1 economy. Chinese people are pouring into this country. The number of Chinese tourists to Nigeria i

6、s five times as large 17.as it used to be. Now 18.that you have got a chance to visit it, why not go to appreciate its charming scenery and unique culture? Ⅱ.語境短文改錯 根據(jù)P30－31課文內(nèi)容，對下面材料進行修改。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 Last month I paid a visit the moon with my friend. Before we left

7、, I was told the force of gravity would change three time on our journey. Then we took up. As we left the earth, I became very heavily. Gradually the weight lessen. When I was in space, it was disappeared. We floated weightlessly in the cabin and I cheered up. When I was on the moon, I was surprise

8、to find even walking needed lots of practice now that gravity changed. The returning of the earth was very frightened. We were amazed to watch fire broke out on the outside of the ship. [答案]　 Last month I paid a visit the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of gravity would

9、change three on our journey. Then we took . As we left the earth, I became very . Gradually the weight . When I was in space, it disappeared. We floated weightlessly in the cabin and I cheered up. When I was on the moon, I was to find even walking needed lots of practice now that gravity changed.

10、 The returning the earth was very . We were amazed to watch fire out on the outside of the ship. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．既然我無事可做，我可以享受一會兒音樂了。(now that) Now that I have nothing to do, I can enjoy music for a little while. 2．他們是否能夠通過溝通達成協(xié)議還不清楚。(it作形式主語) It's not clear whether they are able to arrive at an

11、 agreement through communication or not. 3．這些游客們回到賓館，又累又困。(形容詞短語作狀語) These travelers returned to the hotel, tired and sleepy． 4．無論他在哪里，早飯前散散步成為他的習(xí)慣。(make it＋n.＋ to do ...) No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 5．李明的手機看起來和張華的一樣，但價格是他的兩倍。(倍數(shù)表達法) Li Ming's

12、mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Hua's, but it cost twice as much as his. 課時作業(yè)B：能力層面 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·大連市一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house. N

13、ow a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars. She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of f

14、uel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind. “I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density(密度)

15、of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.” “My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says. Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or Self-Growing Fa

16、rm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars. Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design. A simulator (模擬裝置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts wil

17、l be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes. “I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.” 【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了小學(xué)生Emilia Dobek設(shè)計太空站，并贏得挑戰(zhàn)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 1．Dobek first beca

18、me interested in space when ． A．she was still a seventh grader B．she studied at a junior high school C．she lived on the top of their house D．she watched an eclipse of the moon D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her

19、father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek對太空感興趣是從她在三年級時的一個晚上觀看一次月食開始的。] 2．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ． A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life B．she had no other students interested in Mars C．Dobek knew how

20、to research bone density of astronauts D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Smeeton的話可推知，她對Dobek很了解，對其可以接受這項挑戰(zhàn)并出色完成充滿信心。] 3．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station? A．The environment on Mars. B．The safety of the supplies. C．The activities

21、 for astronauts. D．The comfort of the astronauts. D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并結(jié)合對倒數(shù)第二段的整體理解可推知，Dobek的設(shè)計包含身體和休閑活動，讓宇航員在太空中也感到舒適。] B (2019·長春市質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一)I was waiting for my train and on the subway station's floor was a man just sitting there. I looked around and no

22、body stopped so I just went my way. After a few steps, I turned and asked him whether he needed help. He told me his house was one station further and he would only need to take the train there. So I reached for his hand to help him stand up. He wanted to take the stairs but I feared that he would

23、hurt himself since he seemed too weak to walk, so I asked him to take the elevator. Even though my mind was trying to turn the danger lights on, I put the thought that I should not go alone with a drunken man out of my mind and accompanied him on the elevator. We arrived on the platform with no inc

24、idents. The man's knees seemed to soften, so I asked him to rest on a bench. While sitting there, he thanked me, telling me that I saved him. No, I said, I really did nothing; he saved himself as he walked on his own feet. At the next station, we said our goodbyes. Before I knew it, he left 100 dol

25、lars and dashed out of the train. There was no way to give him back his money. I wanted to leave it on the seat, but a young woman who thought it belonged to me ran after me and gave me the note. My initial reaction to getting that money was of shame and I even felt offended. Then I thought he just

26、 wanted to thank me, the best way he knew how. Now, my question is—what act of kindness shall I do with these 100 dollars? 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者在地鐵站臺看到有個醉漢坐在地上，于是把對方攙扶起來并陪他坐上地鐵，臨下車的時候?qū)Ψ饺o作者一百美元，作者準(zhǔn)備用這筆錢繼續(xù)幫助別人。 4．Why was the man sitting on the subway station's floor? A．Because he wanted to go home.

27、B．Because he was seriously ill. C．Because he was drunk. D．Because he was waiting for the train. C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“I put the thought...with a drunken man”可知，這個人坐在地鐵站的地上是因為喝醉了。] 5．Seeing the money left by the man, the author first felt ． A．a(chǎn)shamed　　 B．grateful C．delighted D．frustrated

28、 A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段第一句中的“My initial reaction...was of shame”可知，作者看到這筆錢最初的反應(yīng)是感到羞愧，因此選A。] 6．How will the author possibly deal with the money? A．Give it back. B．Buy something favorable. C．Leave it on the seat. D．Give it to people in need. D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段最后一句“Now, my question is...do with these 100 dolla

29、rs”可推知，作者下一步要用這筆錢去幫助他人，因此選D。] 7．What can we infer from the passage? A．I helped the man the moment I saw him. B．I accompanied the man to take the stairs. C．I thought it unsafe to go alone with the drunken man at first. D．A young woman ran after me and gave me the note. C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，作者先是把不應(yīng)該

30、單獨與這個醉漢同行的念頭趕走，并在電梯里陪著他，因此C項正確。] Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019·湖南省六校聯(lián)考) Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These“astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with p

31、lants. Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 Because of this，it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. Plants can serve many uses on a sp

32、ace journey. They can provide more fresh things. 2 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe. 3 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that th

33、e plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them，so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't“know”to grow down，leaves don't “know” to grow up，and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 4 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space,

34、and special liquid gels(凝膠) are used to help plant growth. Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space，and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 5 Imagine that des

35、erts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people，our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those

36、billions. A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses. B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22，000 per kilogram. E．Specialized containers are being d

37、eveloped to help the plants grow correctly. F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了宇航員在太空種植的原因和好處以及種植方法。 1．D　[空后是說將所有所需東西帶上太空是不切合實際的；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹空后一句的原因；故D項“帶任何東西到太空的花費大約是每千

38、克22 000美元”符合語境。] 2．F　[根據(jù)空前一句可知，植物可以為宇航員提供新鮮的東西；根據(jù)空后一句可知，植物還可以改善太空站的空氣質(zhì)量，因為其可以產(chǎn)生氧氣；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹太空種植植物的好處，即宇航員也喜歡在他們的干糧中有新鮮的果蔬食物，故F項正確。] 3．B　[上文介紹了太空種植的好處，即為宇航員提供新鮮的果蔬、改善太空站的空氣質(zhì)量等；結(jié)合下文可知，種植太空果蔬有一定的困難；據(jù)此可知，空處承上啟下，與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故B項正確。] 4．E　[根據(jù)上文可知，在失重的情況下，植物的根和葉不知道如何生長，水分也不容易從根部傳到葉子上；而空后一句介紹了關(guān)于土壤的解決方法；據(jù)此

39、可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹解決上述問題的方法，故E項“正在研制專門的容器去幫助植物正確地生長”符合語境。] 5．C　[根據(jù)空前一句可知，科學(xué)家們正在尋找各種讓植物少使用水，在太空快速生長，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物對地球的影響；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是說明這些方法可以在地球上運用以帶來改善，故C項正確。] Ⅲ.語法填空 (2019·貴陽市適應(yīng)性考試一)China's space program has become the first to land a spacecraft on the 1. (so-call) dark side of the moon.

40、The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power. Chang'e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2. empty surface that appears to be 3. (light) by a light from the lunar explorer. The name Chang

41、'e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4. (live) on the moon for thousands of years. The landing is an example of China's 5. (grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6. (program). China also wants to strengthen 7.

42、 (it) position. Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University's school of astronomy and space science. He told the Associated Press, “8. the whole, China's space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.” He a

43、dded that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “There's no doubt 9. our nation will go farther and farther，”he said. In 2013, Chang'e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that h

44、as 10. (success)sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well. For now, China plants to send a Chang'e 5 spacecraft to the moon in 2019 and have it return to Earth with collected particles. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要通過講述“嫦娥四號”登陸月球背面介紹了中國的太空探索發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。 1．so-called　[考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)

45、換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，故用形容詞so-called 修飾dark side，作定語。] 2．a(chǎn)n　[冠詞。surface是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且empty的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。] 3．lit/lighted　[考查動詞的語態(tài)。根據(jù)空后的介詞“by”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。] 4．has lived　[考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代a subject，在從句中作主語，故此處應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；且根據(jù)時間狀語for thousands of ye

46、ars可知，本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填has lived。] 5．growing　[考查形容詞。growing 是形容詞，意為“增長的”，在句中作定語，修飾名詞desire。] 6．programs　[考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。program是可數(shù)名詞，且其前無限定詞修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填programs。] 7．its　[考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾名詞position。] 8．On　[考查介詞。on the whole是固定搭配，意為“大體上”，符合語境，故填介詞On。] 9．that　[考查固定用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定用法There is no doubt

47、that，意為“毫無疑問”，符合語境，故填that。] 10．successfully　[考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用副詞successfully修飾其后的動詞sent，在句子中作狀語。] Ⅳ.短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者

48、(從第11處起)不計分。 (2019·湖北省八市聯(lián)考)Many traditional arts were losing nowadays, because some of whom are being replaced by modern products. I feel extreme sorry about the losing arts. In my opinions, they are classic and their charm will never fade away. Take my grandma for the example. She is better at pap

49、er-cutting which was learnt from her mother. When I found my grandma had this skill, I was so surprised and curious it. I asked my grandma to teaching me the skill. During the process, I found that this art was brilliant, but I was attracted by it. Some traditional arts like paper-cutting should be

50、keeping. [答案]　 Many traditional arts losing nowadays, because some of are being replaced by modern products. I feel sorry about the losing arts. In my ， they are classic and their charm will never fade away. Take my grandma for example. She is at paper-cutting which was learnt from her mother. When I found my grandma had this skill, I was so surprised and curious it. I asked my grandma to me the skill. During the process, I found that this art was brilliant, I was attracted by it. Some traditional arts like paper-cutting should be . - 9 -